report cover

Global Anti-Static Plates Market Research Report 2024(Status and Outlook)

  • 10 September 2024
  • Semiconductor and Electronics
  • 115 Pages
  • Report code : 24WT-8001176

Anti-Static Plates Market

Table of Contents
1 Research Methodology and Statistical Scope
1.1 Market Definition and Statistical Scope of Anti-Static Plates
1.2 Key Market Segments
1.2.1 Anti-Static Plates Segment by Type
1.2.2 Anti-Static Plates Segment by Application
1.3 Methodology & Sources of Information
1.3.1 Research Methodology
1.3.2 Research Process
1.3.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
1.3.4 Base Year
1.3.5 Report Assumptions & Caveats
2 Anti-Static Plates Market Overview
2.1 Global Market Overview
2.1.1 Global Anti-Static Plates Market Size (M USD) Estimates and Forecasts (2019-2030)
2.1.2 Global Anti-Static Plates Sales Estimates and Forecasts (2019-2030)
2.2 Market Segment Executive Summary
2.3 Global Market Size by Region
3 Anti-Static Plates Market Competitive Landscape
3.1 Global Anti-Static Plates Sales by Manufacturers (2019-2024)
3.2 Global Anti-Static Plates Revenue Market Share by Manufacturers (2019-2024)
3.3 Anti-Static Plates Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3)
3.4 Global Anti-Static Plates Average Price by Manufacturers (2019-2024)
3.5 Manufacturers Anti-Static Plates Sales Sites, Area Served, Product Type
3.6 Anti-Static Plates Market Competitive Situation and Trends
3.6.1 Anti-Static Plates Market Concentration Rate
3.6.2 Global 5 and 10 Largest Anti-Static Plates Players Market Share by Revenue
3.6.3 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion
4 Anti-Static Plates Industry Chain Analysis
4.1 Anti-Static Plates Industry Chain Analysis
4.2 Market Overview of Key Raw Materials
4.3 Midstream Market Analysis
4.4 Downstream Customer Analysis
5 The Development and Dynamics of Anti-Static Plates Market
5.1 Key Development Trends
5.2 Driving Factors
5.3 Market Challenges
5.4 Market Restraints
5.5 Industry News
5.5.1 New Product Developments
5.5.2 Mergers & Acquisitions
5.5.3 Expansions
5.5.4 Collaboration/Supply Contracts
5.6 Industry Policies
6 Anti-Static Plates Market Segmentation by Type
6.1 Evaluation Matrix of Segment Market Development Potential (Type)
6.2 Global Anti-Static Plates Sales Market Share by Type (2019-2024)
6.3 Global Anti-Static Plates Market Size Market Share by Type (2019-2024)
6.4 Global Anti-Static Plates Price by Type (2019-2024)
7 Anti-Static Plates Market Segmentation by Application
7.1 Evaluation Matrix of Segment Market Development Potential (Application)
7.2 Global Anti-Static Plates Market Sales by Application (2019-2024)
7.3 Global Anti-Static Plates Market Size (M USD) by Application (2019-2024)
7.4 Global Anti-Static Plates Sales Growth Rate by Application (2019-2024)
8 Anti-Static Plates Market Segmentation by Region
8.1 Global Anti-Static Plates Sales by Region
8.1.1 Global Anti-Static Plates Sales by Region
8.1.2 Global Anti-Static Plates Sales Market Share by Region
8.2 North America
8.2.1 North America Anti-Static Plates Sales by Country
8.2.2 U.S.
8.2.3 Canada
8.2.4 Mexico
8.3 Europe
8.3.1 Europe Anti-Static Plates Sales by Country
8.3.2 Germany
8.3.3 France
8.3.4 U.K.
8.3.5 Italy
8.3.6 Russia
8.4 Asia Pacific
8.4.1 Asia Pacific Anti-Static Plates Sales by Region
8.4.2 China
8.4.3 Japan
8.4.4 South Korea
8.4.5 India
8.4.6 Southeast Asia
8.5 South America
8.5.1 South America Anti-Static Plates Sales by Country
8.5.2 Brazil
8.5.3 Argentina
8.5.4 Columbia
8.6 Middle East and Africa
8.6.1 Middle East and Africa Anti-Static Plates Sales by Region
8.6.2 Saudi Arabia
8.6.3 UAE
8.6.4 Egypt
8.6.5 Nigeria
8.6.6 South Africa
9 Key Companies Profile
9.1 Mitsubishi Chemical
9.1.1 Mitsubishi Chemical Anti-Static Plates Basic Information
9.1.2 Mitsubishi Chemical Anti-Static Plates Product Overview
9.1.3 Mitsubishi Chemical Anti-Static Plates Product Market Performance
9.1.4 Mitsubishi Chemical Business Overview
9.1.5 Mitsubishi Chemical Anti-Static Plates SWOT Analysis
9.1.6 Mitsubishi Chemical Recent Developments
9.2 Sumitomo Bakelite
9.2.1 Sumitomo Bakelite Anti-Static Plates Basic Information
9.2.2 Sumitomo Bakelite Anti-Static Plates Product Overview
9.2.3 Sumitomo Bakelite Anti-Static Plates Product Market Performance
9.2.4 Sumitomo Bakelite Business Overview
9.2.5 Sumitomo Bakelite Anti-Static Plates SWOT Analysis
9.2.6 Sumitomo Bakelite Recent Developments
9.3 Sekisui
9.3.1 Sekisui Anti-Static Plates Basic Information
9.3.2 Sekisui Anti-Static Plates Product Overview
9.3.3 Sekisui Anti-Static Plates Product Market Performance
9.3.4 Sekisui Anti-Static Plates SWOT Analysis
9.3.5 Sekisui Business Overview
9.3.6 Sekisui Recent Developments
9.4 Korea Plate Co Ltd
9.4.1 Korea Plate Co Ltd Anti-Static Plates Basic Information
9.4.2 Korea Plate Co Ltd Anti-Static Plates Product Overview
9.4.3 Korea Plate Co Ltd Anti-Static Plates Product Market Performance
9.4.4 Korea Plate Co Ltd Business Overview
9.4.5 Korea Plate Co Ltd Recent Developments
9.5 Korea Polymer Tech
9.5.1 Korea Polymer Tech Anti-Static Plates Basic Information
9.5.2 Korea Polymer Tech Anti-Static Plates Product Overview
9.5.3 Korea Polymer Tech Anti-Static Plates Product Market Performance
9.5.4 Korea Polymer Tech Business Overview
9.5.5 Korea Polymer Tech Recent Developments
9.6 Takiron
9.6.1 Takiron Anti-Static Plates Basic Information
9.6.2 Takiron Anti-Static Plates Product Overview
9.6.3 Takiron Anti-Static Plates Product Market Performance
9.6.4 Takiron Business Overview
9.6.5 Takiron Recent Developments
9.7 GRIFFEN
9.7.1 GRIFFEN Anti-Static Plates Basic Information
9.7.2 GRIFFEN Anti-Static Plates Product Overview
9.7.3 GRIFFEN Anti-Static Plates Product Market Performance
9.7.4 GRIFFEN Business Overview
9.7.5 GRIFFEN Recent Developments
9.8 NEXTECH
9.8.1 NEXTECH Anti-Static Plates Basic Information
9.8.2 NEXTECH Anti-Static Plates Product Overview
9.8.3 NEXTECH Anti-Static Plates Product Market Performance
9.8.4 NEXTECH Business Overview
9.8.5 NEXTECH Recent Developments
10 Anti-Static Plates Market Forecast by Region
10.1 Global Anti-Static Plates Market Size Forecast
10.2 Global Anti-Static Plates Market Forecast by Region
10.2.1 North America Market Size Forecast by Country
10.2.2 Europe Anti-Static Plates Market Size Forecast by Country
10.2.3 Asia Pacific Anti-Static Plates Market Size Forecast by Region
10.2.4 South America Anti-Static Plates Market Size Forecast by Country
10.2.5 Middle East and Africa Forecasted Consumption of Anti-Static Plates by Country
11 Forecast Market by Type and by Application (2025-2030)
11.1 Global Anti-Static Plates Market Forecast by Type (2025-2030)
11.1.1 Global Forecasted Sales of Anti-Static Plates by Type (2025-2030)
11.1.2 Global Anti-Static Plates Market Size Forecast by Type (2025-2030)
11.1.3 Global Forecasted Price of Anti-Static Plates by Type (2025-2030)
11.2 Global Anti-Static Plates Market Forecast by Application (2025-2030)
11.2.1 Global Anti-Static Plates Sales (K Units) Forecast by Application
11.2.2 Global Anti-Static Plates Market Size (M USD) Forecast by Application (2025-2030)
12 Conclusion and Key Findings
Ask Our Expert

Leave This Empty:

*Required Information
List of Tables
Table 1. Introduction of the Type
Table 2. Introduction of the Application
Table 3. Market Size (M USD) Segment Executive Summary
Table 4. Anti-Static Plates Market Size Comparison by Region (M USD)
Table 5. Global Anti-Static Plates Sales (K Units) by Manufacturers (2019-2024)
Table 6. Global Anti-Static Plates Sales Market Share by Manufacturers (2019-2024)
Table 7. Global Anti-Static Plates Revenue (M USD) by Manufacturers (2019-2024)
Table 8. Global Anti-Static Plates Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2019-2024)
Table 9. Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3) & (based on the Revenue in Anti-Static Plates as of 2022)
Table 10. Global Market Anti-Static Plates Average Price (USD/Unit) of Key Manufacturers (2019-2024)
Table 11. Manufacturers Anti-Static Plates Sales Sites and Area Served
Table 12. Manufacturers Anti-Static Plates Product Type
Table 13. Global Anti-Static Plates Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
Table 14. Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
Table 15. Industry Chain Map of Anti-Static Plates
Table 16. Market Overview of Key Raw Materials
Table 17. Midstream Market Analysis
Table 18. Downstream Customer Analysis
Table 19. Key Development Trends
Table 20. Driving Factors
Table 21. Anti-Static Plates Market Challenges
Table 22. Global Anti-Static Plates Sales by Type (K Units)
Table 23. Global Anti-Static Plates Market Size by Type (M USD)
Table 24. Global Anti-Static Plates Sales (K Units) by Type (2019-2024)
Table 25. Global Anti-Static Plates Sales Market Share by Type (2019-2024)
Table 26. Global Anti-Static Plates Market Size (M USD) by Type (2019-2024)
Table 27. Global Anti-Static Plates Market Size Share by Type (2019-2024)
Table 28. Global Anti-Static Plates Price (USD/Unit) by Type (2019-2024)
Table 29. Global Anti-Static Plates Sales (K Units) by Application
Table 30. Global Anti-Static Plates Market Size by Application
Table 31. Global Anti-Static Plates Sales by Application (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Table 32. Global Anti-Static Plates Sales Market Share by Application (2019-2024)
Table 33. Global Anti-Static Plates Sales by Application (2019-2024) & (M USD)
Table 34. Global Anti-Static Plates Market Share by Application (2019-2024)
Table 35. Global Anti-Static Plates Sales Growth Rate by Application (2019-2024)
Table 36. Global Anti-Static Plates Sales by Region (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Table 37. Global Anti-Static Plates Sales Market Share by Region (2019-2024)
Table 38. North America Anti-Static Plates Sales by Country (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Table 39. Europe Anti-Static Plates Sales by Country (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Table 40. Asia Pacific Anti-Static Plates Sales by Region (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Table 41. South America Anti-Static Plates Sales by Country (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Table 42. Middle East and Africa Anti-Static Plates Sales by Region (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Table 43. Mitsubishi Chemical Anti-Static Plates Basic Information
Table 44. Mitsubishi Chemical Anti-Static Plates Product Overview
Table 45. Mitsubishi Chemical Anti-Static Plates Sales (K Units), Revenue (M USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 46. Mitsubishi Chemical Business Overview
Table 47. Mitsubishi Chemical Anti-Static Plates SWOT Analysis
Table 48. Mitsubishi Chemical Recent Developments
Table 49. Sumitomo Bakelite Anti-Static Plates Basic Information
Table 50. Sumitomo Bakelite Anti-Static Plates Product Overview
Table 51. Sumitomo Bakelite Anti-Static Plates Sales (K Units), Revenue (M USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 52. Sumitomo Bakelite Business Overview
Table 53. Sumitomo Bakelite Anti-Static Plates SWOT Analysis
Table 54. Sumitomo Bakelite Recent Developments
Table 55. Sekisui Anti-Static Plates Basic Information
Table 56. Sekisui Anti-Static Plates Product Overview
Table 57. Sekisui Anti-Static Plates Sales (K Units), Revenue (M USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 58. Sekisui Anti-Static Plates SWOT Analysis
Table 59. Sekisui Business Overview
Table 60. Sekisui Recent Developments
Table 61. Korea Plate Co Ltd Anti-Static Plates Basic Information
Table 62. Korea Plate Co Ltd Anti-Static Plates Product Overview
Table 63. Korea Plate Co Ltd Anti-Static Plates Sales (K Units), Revenue (M USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 64. Korea Plate Co Ltd Business Overview
Table 65. Korea Plate Co Ltd Recent Developments
Table 66. Korea Polymer Tech Anti-Static Plates Basic Information
Table 67. Korea Polymer Tech Anti-Static Plates Product Overview
Table 68. Korea Polymer Tech Anti-Static Plates Sales (K Units), Revenue (M USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 69. Korea Polymer Tech Business Overview
Table 70. Korea Polymer Tech Recent Developments
Table 71. Takiron Anti-Static Plates Basic Information
Table 72. Takiron Anti-Static Plates Product Overview
Table 73. Takiron Anti-Static Plates Sales (K Units), Revenue (M USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 74. Takiron Business Overview
Table 75. Takiron Recent Developments
Table 76. GRIFFEN Anti-Static Plates Basic Information
Table 77. GRIFFEN Anti-Static Plates Product Overview
Table 78. GRIFFEN Anti-Static Plates Sales (K Units), Revenue (M USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 79. GRIFFEN Business Overview
Table 80. GRIFFEN Recent Developments
Table 81. NEXTECH Anti-Static Plates Basic Information
Table 82. NEXTECH Anti-Static Plates Product Overview
Table 83. NEXTECH Anti-Static Plates Sales (K Units), Revenue (M USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 84. NEXTECH Business Overview
Table 85. NEXTECH Recent Developments
Table 86. Global Anti-Static Plates Sales Forecast by Region (2025-2030) & (K Units)
Table 87. Global Anti-Static Plates Market Size Forecast by Region (2025-2030) & (M USD)
Table 88. North America Anti-Static Plates Sales Forecast by Country (2025-2030) & (K Units)
Table 89. North America Anti-Static Plates Market Size Forecast by Country (2025-2030) & (M USD)
Table 90. Europe Anti-Static Plates Sales Forecast by Country (2025-2030) & (K Units)
Table 91. Europe Anti-Static Plates Market Size Forecast by Country (2025-2030) & (M USD)
Table 92. Asia Pacific Anti-Static Plates Sales Forecast by Region (2025-2030) & (K Units)
Table 93. Asia Pacific Anti-Static Plates Market Size Forecast by Region (2025-2030) & (M USD)
Table 94. South America Anti-Static Plates Sales Forecast by Country (2025-2030) & (K Units)
Table 95. South America Anti-Static Plates Market Size Forecast by Country (2025-2030) & (M USD)
Table 96. Middle East and Africa Anti-Static Plates Consumption Forecast by Country (2025-2030) & (Units)
Table 97. Middle East and Africa Anti-Static Plates Market Size Forecast by Country (2025-2030) & (M USD)
Table 98. Global Anti-Static Plates Sales Forecast by Type (2025-2030) & (K Units)
Table 99. Global Anti-Static Plates Market Size Forecast by Type (2025-2030) & (M USD)
Table 100. Global Anti-Static Plates Price Forecast by Type (2025-2030) & (USD/Unit)
Table 101. Global Anti-Static Plates Sales (K Units) Forecast by Application (2025-2030)
Table 102. Global Anti-Static Plates Market Size Forecast by Application (2025-2030) & (M USD)
List of Figures
Figure 1. Product Picture of Anti-Static Plates
Figure 2. Data Triangulation
Figure 3. Key Caveats
Figure 4. Global Anti-Static Plates Market Size (M USD), 2019-2030
Figure 5. Global Anti-Static Plates Market Size (M USD) (2019-2030)
Figure 6. Global Anti-Static Plates Sales (K Units) & (2019-2030)
Figure 7. Evaluation Matrix of Segment Market Development Potential (Type)
Figure 8. Evaluation Matrix of Segment Market Development Potential (Application)
Figure 9. Evaluation Matrix of Regional Market Development Potential
Figure 10. Anti-Static Plates Market Size by Country (M USD)
Figure 11. Anti-Static Plates Sales Share by Manufacturers in 2023
Figure 12. Global Anti-Static Plates Revenue Share by Manufacturers in 2023
Figure 13. Anti-Static Plates Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3): 2023
Figure 14. Global Market Anti-Static Plates Average Price (USD/Unit) of Key Manufacturers in 2023
Figure 15. The Global 5 and 10 Largest Players: Market Share by Anti-Static Plates Revenue in 2023
Figure 16. Evaluation Matrix of Segment Market Development Potential (Type)
Figure 17. Global Anti-Static Plates Market Share by Type
Figure 18. Sales Market Share of Anti-Static Plates by Type (2019-2024)
Figure 19. Sales Market Share of Anti-Static Plates by Type in 2023
Figure 20. Market Size Share of Anti-Static Plates by Type (2019-2024)
Figure 21. Market Size Market Share of Anti-Static Plates by Type in 2023
Figure 22. Evaluation Matrix of Segment Market Development Potential (Application)
Figure 23. Global Anti-Static Plates Market Share by Application
Figure 24. Global Anti-Static Plates Sales Market Share by Application (2019-2024)
Figure 25. Global Anti-Static Plates Sales Market Share by Application in 2023
Figure 26. Global Anti-Static Plates Market Share by Application (2019-2024)
Figure 27. Global Anti-Static Plates Market Share by Application in 2023
Figure 28. Global Anti-Static Plates Sales Growth Rate by Application (2019-2024)
Figure 29. Global Anti-Static Plates Sales Market Share by Region (2019-2024)
Figure 30. North America Anti-Static Plates Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Figure 31. North America Anti-Static Plates Sales Market Share by Country in 2023
Figure 32. U.S. Anti-Static Plates Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Figure 33. Canada Anti-Static Plates Sales (K Units) and Growth Rate (2019-2024)
Figure 34. Mexico Anti-Static Plates Sales (Units) and Growth Rate (2019-2024)
Figure 35. Europe Anti-Static Plates Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Figure 36. Europe Anti-Static Plates Sales Market Share by Country in 2023
Figure 37. Germany Anti-Static Plates Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Figure 38. France Anti-Static Plates Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Figure 39. U.K. Anti-Static Plates Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Figure 40. Italy Anti-Static Plates Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Figure 41. Russia Anti-Static Plates Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Figure 42. Asia Pacific Anti-Static Plates Sales and Growth Rate (K Units)
Figure 43. Asia Pacific Anti-Static Plates Sales Market Share by Region in 2023
Figure 44. China Anti-Static Plates Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Figure 45. Japan Anti-Static Plates Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Figure 46. South Korea Anti-Static Plates Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Figure 47. India Anti-Static Plates Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Figure 48. Southeast Asia Anti-Static Plates Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Figure 49. South America Anti-Static Plates Sales and Growth Rate (K Units)
Figure 50. South America Anti-Static Plates Sales Market Share by Country in 2023
Figure 51. Brazil Anti-Static Plates Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Figure 52. Argentina Anti-Static Plates Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Figure 53. Columbia Anti-Static Plates Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Figure 54. Middle East and Africa Anti-Static Plates Sales and Growth Rate (K Units)
Figure 55. Middle East and Africa Anti-Static Plates Sales Market Share by Region in 2023
Figure 56. Saudi Arabia Anti-Static Plates Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Figure 57. UAE Anti-Static Plates Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Figure 58. Egypt Anti-Static Plates Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Figure 59. Nigeria Anti-Static Plates Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Figure 60. South Africa Anti-Static Plates Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (K Units)
Figure 61. Global Anti-Static Plates Sales Forecast by Volume (2019-2030) & (K Units)
Figure 62. Global Anti-Static Plates Market Size Forecast by Value (2019-2030) & (M USD)
Figure 63. Global Anti-Static Plates Sales Market Share Forecast by Type (2025-2030)
Figure 64. Global Anti-Static Plates Market Share Forecast by Type (2025-2030)
Figure 65. Global Anti-Static Plates Sales Forecast by Application (2025-2030)
Figure 66. Global Anti-Static Plates Market Share Forecast by Application (2025-2030)

Buy Full Report

Select Licence type with your requirement and needs

SECURITY ASSUREDpayment image

analyst icon
Still not found what you want?

Speak to our Custom Research Team and get the Custom Research in a budget

Custom Research


Frequently Asked Questions ?

  • A license granted to one user.

    A license granted to one user. Rules or conditions might be applied for e.g. the use of electric files (PDFs) or printings, depending on product.

  • Multi user License

    A license granted to multiple users.

  • Site License

    A license granted to a single business site/establishment.

  • Corporate License, Global License

    A license granted to all employees within organisation access to the product.

  • Upto Working 24 to 48 hrs

  • Upto 72 hrs max - Weekends and Public Holidays

  • Online Payments with PayPal and CCavenue

  • Wire Transfer/Bank Transfer

  • Email

  • Hard Copy

WHY CHOOSE US

  • Proactive We manage our resources 24/7 to identify issues and address them before they become problems
  • Quality & Reliability We are committed to providing reliable and highly accurate data with an excellent quality control system
  • Global Outreach 6 Major regions and 40+ countries level analysis accomplished
  • Competitive Pricing Our pricing strategy is highly competitive in the market, without compensating on the quality and the timeline of project delivery

SAMPLE REPORT INCLUDES
  • Industry Market SizeIndustry Market Size
  • SWOT AnalysisSWOT Analysis
  • Industry Major PlayersIndustry Major Players
  • Revenue ForecastsRevenue Forecasts
  • Historical and Forecast GrowthHistorical and Forecast Growth
  • Profitability AnalysisProfitability Analysis
SOME OF OUR CLIENTS
WHAT SET US APART?
  • quilty

    Quality Assurance

    Focus on Data Accuracy & Reliability
  • quilty

    Trusted by the Best

    75+ Clients in Fortune 500
  • quilty

    Privacy and Security

    All your transactions are secured end-to-end, ensuring a satisfactory purchase
  • quilty

    Competitive Pricing

    Ensure the best and affordable pricing
OUR HAPPY CUSTOMER Some of our customer review
Stay Updated About Anti-Static Plates Market

Leave This Empty: