Ship Navigation Lights Market
1 Study Coverage
1.1 Ship Navigation Lights Product Introduction
1.2 Global Ship Navigation Lights Outlook 2017 VS 2022 VS 2028
1.2.1 Global Ship Navigation Lights Sales in US$ Million for the Year 2017-2028
1.2.2 Global Ship Navigation Lights Sales in Volume for the Year 2017-2028
1.3 United States Ship Navigation Lights Outlook 2017 VS 2022 VS 2028
1.3.1 United States Ship Navigation Lights Sales in US$ Million for the Year 2017-2028
1.3.2 United States Ship Navigation Lights Sales in Volume for the Year 2017-2028
1.4 Ship Navigation Lights Market Size, United States VS Global, 2017 VS 2022 VS 2028
1.4.1 The Market Share of United States Ship Navigation Lights in Global, 2017 VS 2022 VS 2028
1.4.2 The Growth Rate of Ship Navigation Lights Market Size, United States VS Global, 2017 VS 2022 VS 2028
1.5 Ship Navigation Lights Market Dynamics
1.5.1 Ship Navigation Lights Industry Trends
1.5.2 Ship Navigation Lights Market Drivers
1.5.3 Ship Navigation Lights Market Challenges
1.5.4 Ship Navigation Lights Market Restraints
1.6 Study Objectives
1.7 Years Considered
2 Market by Type
2.1 Ship Navigation Lights Market Segment by Type
2.1.1 Incandescent Lamp
2.1.2 LED Lamp
2.2 Global Ship Navigation Lights Market Size by Type
2.2.1 Global Ship Navigation Lights Sales in Value, by Type (2017, 2022 & 2028)
2.2.2 Global Ship Navigation Lights Sales in Volume, by Type (2017, 2022 & 2028)
2.2.3 Global Ship Navigation Lights Average Selling Price (ASP) by Type (2017, 2022 & 2028)
2.3 United States Ship Navigation Lights Market Size by Type
2.3.1 United States Ship Navigation Lights Sales in Value, by Type (2017, 2022 & 2028)
2.3.2 United States Ship Navigation Lights Sales in Volume, by Type (2017, 2022 & 2028)
2.3.3 United States Ship Navigation Lights Average Selling Price (ASP) by Type (2017, 2022 & 2028)
3 Market by Application
3.1 Ship Navigation Lights Market Segment by Application
3.1.1 Cargo Ship
3.1.2 Yacht
3.1.3 Other
3.2 Global Ship Navigation Lights Market Size by Application
3.2.1 Global Ship Navigation Lights Sales in Value, by Application (2017, 2022 & 2028)
3.2.2 Global Ship Navigation Lights Sales in Volume, by Application (2017, 2022 & 2028)
3.3.3 Global Ship Navigation Lights Average Selling Price (ASP) by Application (2017, 2022 & 2028)
3.3 United States Ship Navigation Lights Market Size by Application
3.3.1 United States Ship Navigation Lights Sales in Value, by Application (2017, 2022 & 2028)
3.3.2 United States Ship Navigation Lights Sales in Volume, by Application (2017, 2022 & 2028)
3.3.3 United States Ship Navigation Lights Average Selling Price (ASP) by Application (2017, 2022 & 2028)
4 Global Ship Navigation Lights Competitor Landscape by Company
4.1 Global Ship Navigation Lights Market Size by Company
4.1.1 Top Global Ship Navigation Lights Manufacturers Ranked by Revenue (2021)
4.1.2 Global Ship Navigation Lights Revenue by Manufacturer (2017-2022)
4.1.3 Global Ship Navigation Lights Sales by Manufacturer (2017-2022)
4.1.4 Global Ship Navigation Lights Price by Manufacturer (2017-2022)
4.2 Global Ship Navigation Lights Concentration Ratio (CR)
4.2.1 Ship Navigation Lights Market Concentration Ratio (CR) (2017-2022)
4.2.2 Global Top 5 and Top 10 Largest Manufacturers of Ship Navigation Lights in 2021
4.2.3 Global Ship Navigation Lights Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3)
4.3 Global Ship Navigation Lights Manufacturing Base Distribution, Product Type
4.3.1 Global Ship Navigation Lights Manufacturers, Headquarters and Distribution of Producing Region
4.3.2 Manufacturers Ship Navigation Lights Product Type
4.3.3 Date of International Manufacturers Enter into Ship Navigation Lights Market
4.4 Manufacturers Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
4.5 United States Ship Navigation Lights Market Size by Company
4.5.1 Top Ship Navigation Lights Players in United States, Ranked by Revenue (2021)
4.5.2 United States Ship Navigation Lights Revenue by Players (2020, 2021 & 2022)
4.5.3 United States Ship Navigation Lights Sales by Players (2020, 2021 & 2022)
5 Global Ship Navigation Lights Market Size by Region
5.1 Global Ship Navigation Lights Market Size by Region: 2017 VS 2022 VS 2028
5.2 Global Ship Navigation Lights Market Size in Volume by Region (2017-2028)
5.2.1 Global Ship Navigation Lights Sales in Volume by Region: 2017-2022
5.2.2 Global Ship Navigation Lights Sales in Volume Forecast by Region (2023-2028)
5.3 Global Ship Navigation Lights Market Size in Value by Region (2017-2028)
5.3.1 Global Ship Navigation Lights Sales in Value by Region: 2017-2022
5.3.2 Global Ship Navigation Lights Sales in Value by Region: 2023-2028
6 Segment in Region Level & Country Level
6.1 North America
6.1.1 North America Ship Navigation Lights Market Size YoY Growth 2017-2028
6.1.2 North America Ship Navigation Lights Market Facts & Figures by Country (2017, 2022 & 2028)
6.1.3 U.S.
6.1.4 Canada
6.2 Asia-Pacific
6.2.1 Asia-Pacific Ship Navigation Lights Market Size YoY Growth 2017-2028
6.2.2 Asia-Pacific Ship Navigation Lights Market Facts & Figures by Region (2017, 2022 & 2028)
6.2.3 China
6.2.4 Japan
6.2.5 South Korea
6.2.6 India
6.2.7 Australia
6.2.8 Taiwan
6.2.9 Indonesia
6.2.10 Thailand
6.2.11 Malaysia
6.2.12 Philippines
6.3 Europe
6.3.1 Europe Ship Navigation Lights Market Size YoY Growth 2017-2028
6.3.2 Europe Ship Navigation Lights Market Facts & Figures by Country (2017, 2022 & 2028)
6.3.3 Germany
6.3.4 France
6.3.5 U.K.
6.3.6 Italy
6.3.7 Russia
6.4 Latin America
6.4.1 Latin America Ship Navigation Lights Market Size YoY Growth 2017-2028
6.4.2 Latin America Ship Navigation Lights Market Facts & Figures by Country (2017, 2022 & 2028)
6.4.3 Mexico
6.4.4 Brazil
6.4.5 Argentina
6.5 Middle East and Africa
6.5.1 Middle East and Africa Ship Navigation Lights Market Size YoY Growth 2017-2028
6.5.2 Middle East and Africa Ship Navigation Lights Market Facts & Figures by Country (2017, 2022 & 2028)
6.5.3 Turkey
6.5.4 Saudi Arabia
6.5.5 UAE
7 Company Profiles
7.1 Canepa & Campi
7.1.1 Canepa & Campi Corporation Information
7.1.2 Canepa & Campi Description and Business Overview
7.1.3 Canepa & Campi Ship Navigation Lights Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
7.1.4 Canepa & Campi Ship Navigation Lights Products Offered
7.1.5 Canepa & Campi Recent Development
7.2 Den Haan Rotterdam
7.2.1 Den Haan Rotterdam Corporation Information
7.2.2 Den Haan Rotterdam Description and Business Overview
7.2.3 Den Haan Rotterdam Ship Navigation Lights Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
7.2.4 Den Haan Rotterdam Ship Navigation Lights Products Offered
7.2.5 Den Haan Rotterdam Recent Development
7.3 Famor
7.3.1 Famor Corporation Information
7.3.2 Famor Description and Business Overview
7.3.3 Famor Ship Navigation Lights Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
7.3.4 Famor Ship Navigation Lights Products Offered
7.3.5 Famor Recent Development
7.4 Lopolight
7.4.1 Lopolight Corporation Information
7.4.2 Lopolight Description and Business Overview
7.4.3 Lopolight Ship Navigation Lights Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
7.4.4 Lopolight Ship Navigation Lights Products Offered
7.4.5 Lopolight Recent Development
7.5 Perko
7.5.1 Perko Corporation Information
7.5.2 Perko Description and Business Overview
7.5.3 Perko Ship Navigation Lights Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
7.5.4 Perko Ship Navigation Lights Products Offered
7.5.5 Perko Recent Development
7.6 TRANBERG
7.6.1 TRANBERG Corporation Information
7.6.2 TRANBERG Description and Business Overview
7.6.3 TRANBERG Ship Navigation Lights Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
7.6.4 TRANBERG Ship Navigation Lights Products Offered
7.6.5 TRANBERG Recent Development
7.7 WISKA Hoppmann & Mulsow
7.7.1 WISKA Hoppmann & Mulsow Corporation Information
7.7.2 WISKA Hoppmann & Mulsow Description and Business Overview
7.7.3 WISKA Hoppmann & Mulsow Ship Navigation Lights Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
7.7.4 WISKA Hoppmann & Mulsow Ship Navigation Lights Products Offered
7.7.5 WISKA Hoppmann & Mulsow Recent Development
8 Industry Chain and Sales Channels Analysis
8.1 Ship Navigation Lights Industry Chain Analysis
8.2 Ship Navigation Lights Key Raw Materials
8.2.1 Key Raw Materials
8.2.2 Ship Navigation Lights Distributors
8.3 Ship Navigation Lights Production Mode & Process
8.4 Ship Navigation Lights Sales and Marketing
8.4.1 Ship Navigation Lights Sales Channels
8.4.2 Ship Navigation Lights Distributors
8.5 Ship Navigation Lights Customers
9 Research Findings and Conclusion
10 Appendix
10.1 Research Methodology
10.1.1 Methodology/Research Approach
10.1.2 Data Source
10.2 Author Details
10.3 Disclaimer
List of Tables
Table 1. Ship Navigation Lights CAGR in Value, United States VS Global, 2017 VS 2022 VS 2028
Table 2. Ship Navigation Lights Market Trends
Table 3. Ship Navigation Lights Market Drivers
Table 4. Ship Navigation Lights Market Challenges
Table 5. Ship Navigation Lights Market Restraints
Table 6. Global Ship Navigation Lights Sales by Type: 2017 VS 2022 VS 2028 (US$ Million)
Table 7. United States Ship Navigation Lights Sales by Type: 2017 VS 2022 VS 2028 (US$ Million)
Table 8. Global Ship Navigation Lights Sales by Application: 2017 VS 2022 VS 2028 (US$ Million)
Table 9. United States Ship Navigation Lights Sales by Application: 2017 VS 2022 VS 2028 (US$ Million)
Table 10. Top Ship Navigation Lights Manufacturers in Global Market, Ranking by Revenue (2021)
Table 11. Global Ship Navigation Lights Revenue by Manufacturer, (US$ Million), 2017-2022
Table 12. Global Ship Navigation Lights Revenue Share by Manufacturer, 2017-2022
Table 13. Global Ship Navigation Lights Sales by Manufacturer, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 14. Global Ship Navigation Lights Sales Share by Manufacturer, 2017-2022
Table 15. Global Ship Navigation Lights Price by Manufacturer (2017-2022) & (USD/Unit)
Table 16. Global Ship Navigation Lights Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
Table 17. Global Ship Navigation Lights by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3) & (based on the Revenue in Ship Navigation Lights as of 2021)
Table 18. Top Players of Ship Navigation Lights in Global Market, Headquarters and Distribution of Producing Region
Table 19. Manufacturers Ship Navigation Lights Product Type
Table 20. Date of International Manufacturers Enter into Ship Navigation Lights Market
Table 21. Manufacturers Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
Table 22. Top Ship Navigation Lights Players in United States Market, Ranking by Revenue (2021)
Table 23. United States Ship Navigation Lights Revenue by Players, (US$ Million), 2020, 2021 & 2022
Table 24. United States Ship Navigation Lights Revenue Share by Players, 2020, 2021 & 2022
Table 25. United States Ship Navigation Lights Sales by Players, (K Units), 2020, 2021 & 2022
Table 26. United States Ship Navigation Lights Sales Share by Players, 2020, 2021 & 2022
Table 27. Global Ship Navigation Lights Market Size by Region (US$ Million): 2017 VS 2022 VS 2028
Table 28. Global Ship Navigation Lights Sales in Volume by Region (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 29. Global Ship Navigation Lights Sales in Volume Forecast by Region (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 30. Global Ship Navigation Lights Sales in Value by Region (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 31. Global Ship Navigation Lights Sales in Value Forecast by Region (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 32. North America Ship Navigation Lights Sales in Volume by Country (2017-2028) & (K Units)
Table 33. North America Ship Navigation Lights Sales in Value by Country (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 34. Asia Pacific Ship Navigation Lights Sales in Volume by Region (2017-2028) & (K Units)
Table 35. Asia Pacific Ship Navigation Lights Sales in Value by Region (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 36. Europe Ship Navigation Lights Sales in Volume by Country (2017-2028) & (K Units)
Table 37. Europe Ship Navigation Lights Sales in Value by Country (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 38. Latin America Ship Navigation Lights Sales in Volume by Country (2017-2028) & (K Units)
Table 39. Latin Americaa Ship Navigation Lights Sales in Value by Country (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 40. Middle East and Africa Ship Navigation Lights Sales in Volume by Country (2017-2028) & (K Units)
Table 41. Middle East and Africa Ship Navigation Lights Sales in Value by Country (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 42. Canepa & Campi Corporation Information
Table 43. Canepa & Campi Description and Business Overview
Table 44. Canepa & Campi Ship Navigation Lights Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table 45. Canepa & Campi Ship Navigation Lights Product
Table 46. Canepa & Campi Recent Development
Table 47. Den Haan Rotterdam Corporation Information
Table 48. Den Haan Rotterdam Description and Business Overview
Table 49. Den Haan Rotterdam Ship Navigation Lights Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table 50. Den Haan Rotterdam Product
Table 51. Den Haan Rotterdam Recent Development
Table 52. Famor Corporation Information
Table 53. Famor Description and Business Overview
Table 54. Famor Ship Navigation Lights Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table 55. Famor Product
Table 56. Famor Recent Development
Table 57. Lopolight Corporation Information
Table 58. Lopolight Description and Business Overview
Table 59. Lopolight Ship Navigation Lights Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table 60. Lopolight Product
Table 61. Lopolight Recent Development
Table 62. Perko Corporation Information
Table 63. Perko Description and Business Overview
Table 64. Perko Ship Navigation Lights Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table 65. Perko Product
Table 66. Perko Recent Development
Table 67. TRANBERG Corporation Information
Table 68. TRANBERG Description and Business Overview
Table 69. TRANBERG Ship Navigation Lights Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table 70. TRANBERG Product
Table 71. TRANBERG Recent Development
Table 72. WISKA Hoppmann & Mulsow Corporation Information
Table 73. WISKA Hoppmann & Mulsow Description and Business Overview
Table 74. WISKA Hoppmann & Mulsow Ship Navigation Lights Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table 75. WISKA Hoppmann & Mulsow Product
Table 76. WISKA Hoppmann & Mulsow Recent Development
Table 77. Key Raw Materials Lists
Table 78. Raw Materials Key Suppliers Lists
Table 79. Ship Navigation Lights Customers List
Table 80. Ship Navigation Lights Distributors List
Table 81. Research Programs/Design for This Report
Table 82. Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table 83. Key Data Information from Primary Sources
List of Figures
Figure 1. Ship Navigation Lights Product Picture
Figure 2. Global Ship Navigation Lights Revenue, (US$ Million), 2017 VS 2022 VS 2028
Figure 3. Global Ship Navigation Lights Market Size 2017-2028 (US$ Million)
Figure 4. Global Ship Navigation Lights Sales 2017-2028 (K Units)
Figure 5. United States Ship Navigation Lights Revenue, (US$ Million), 2017 VS 2022 VS 2028
Figure 6. United States Ship Navigation Lights Market Size 2017-2028 (US$ Million)
Figure 7. United States Ship Navigation Lights Sales 2017-2028 (K Units)
Figure 8. United States Ship Navigation Lights Market Share in Global, in Value (US$ Million) 2017-2028
Figure 9. United States Ship Navigation Lights Market Share in Global, in Volume (K Units) 2017-2028
Figure 10. Ship Navigation Lights Report Years Considered
Figure 11. Product Picture of Incandescent Lamp
Figure 12. Product Picture of LED Lamp
Figure 13. Global Ship Navigation Lights Market Share by Type in 2022 & 2028
Figure 14. Global Ship Navigation Lights Sales in Value by Type (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 15. Global Ship Navigation Lights Sales Market Share in Value by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 16. Global Ship Navigation Lights Sales by Type (2017-2028) & (K Units)
Figure 17. Global Ship Navigation Lights Sales Market Share in Volume by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 18. Global Ship Navigation Lights Price by Type (2017-2028) & (USD/Unit)
Figure 19. United States Ship Navigation Lights Market Share by Type in 2022 & 2028
Figure 20. United States Ship Navigation Lights Sales in Value by Type (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 21. United States Ship Navigation Lights Sales Market Share in Value by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 22. United States Ship Navigation Lights Sales by Type (2017-2028) & (K Units)
Figure 23. United States Ship Navigation Lights Sales Market Share in Volume by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 24. United States Ship Navigation Lights Price by Type (2017-2028) & (USD/Unit)
Figure 25. Product Picture of Cargo Ship
Figure 26. Product Picture of Yacht
Figure 27. Product Picture of Other
Figure 28. Global Ship Navigation Lights Market Share by Application in 2022 & 2028
Figure 29. Global Ship Navigation Lights Sales in Value by Application (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 30. Global Ship Navigation Lights Sales Market Share in Value by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 31. Global Ship Navigation Lights Sales by Application (2017-2028) & (K Units)
Figure 32. Global Ship Navigation Lights Sales Market Share in Volume by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 33. Global Ship Navigation Lights Price by Application (2017-2028) & (USD/Unit)
Figure 34. United States Ship Navigation Lights Market Share by Application in 2022 & 2028
Figure 35. United States Ship Navigation Lights Sales in Value by Application (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 36. United States Ship Navigation Lights Sales Market Share in Value by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 37. United States Ship Navigation Lights Sales by Application (2017-2028) & (K Units)
Figure 38. United States Ship Navigation Lights Sales Market Share in Volume by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 39. United States Ship Navigation Lights Price by Application (2017-2028) & (USD/Unit)
Figure 40. North America Ship Navigation Lights Sales in Volume Growth Rate 2017-2028 (K Units)
Figure 41. North America Ship Navigation Lights Sales in Value Growth Rate 2017-2028 (US$ Million)
Figure 42. U.S. Ship Navigation Lights Sales in Value Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 43. Canada Ship Navigation Lights Sales in Value Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 44. Europe Ship Navigation Lights Sales in Volume Growth Rate 2017-2028 (K Units)
Figure 45. Europe Ship Navigation Lights Sales in Value Growth Rate 2017-2028 (US$ Million)
Figure 46. Germany Ship Navigation Lights Sales in Value Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 47. France Ship Navigation Lights Sales in Value Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 48. U.K. Ship Navigation Lights Sales in Value Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 49. Italy Ship Navigation Lights Sales in Value Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 50. Russia Ship Navigation Lights Sales in Value Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 51. Asia-Pacific Ship Navigation Lights Sales in Volume Growth Rate 2017-2028 (K Units)
Figure 52. Asia-Pacific Ship Navigation Lights Sales in Value Growth Rate 2017-2028 (US$ Million)
Figure 53. China Ship Navigation Lights Sales in Value Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 54. Japan Ship Navigation Lights Sales in Value Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 55. South Korea Ship Navigation Lights Sales in Value Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 56. India Ship Navigation Lights Sales in Value Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 57. Australia Ship Navigation Lights Sales in Value Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 58. Taiwan Ship Navigation Lights Sales in Value Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 59. Indonesia Ship Navigation Lights Sales in Value Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 60. Thailand Ship Navigation Lights Sales in Value Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 61. Malaysia Ship Navigation Lights Sales in Value Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 62. Philippines Ship Navigation Lights Sales in Value Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 63. Latin America Ship Navigation Lights Sales in Volume Growth Rate 2017-2028 (K Units)
Figure 64. Latin America Ship Navigation Lights Sales in Value Growth Rate 2017-2028 (US$ Million)
Figure 65. Mexico Ship Navigation Lights Sales in Value Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 66. Brazil Ship Navigation Lights Sales in Value Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 67. Argentina Ship Navigation Lights Sales in Value Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 68. Middle East & Africa Ship Navigation Lights Sales in Volume Growth Rate 2017-2028 (K Units)
Figure 69. Middle East & Africa Ship Navigation Lights Sales in Value Growth Rate 2017-2028 (US$ Million)
Figure 70. Turkey Ship Navigation Lights Sales in Value Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 71. Saudi Arabia Ship Navigation Lights Sales in Value Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 72. UAE Ship Navigation Lights Sales in Value Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 73. Ship Navigation Lights Value Chain
Figure 74. Ship Navigation Lights Production Process
Figure 75. Channels of Distribution
Figure 76. Distributors Profiles
Figure 77. Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure 78. Data Triangulation
Figure 79. Key Executives Interviewed