Robot Tool Changing System Market
1 Introduction to Research & Analysis Reports
1.1 Robot Tool Changing System Market Definition
1.2 Market Segments
1.2.1 Market by Type
1.2.2 Market by Application
1.3 Global Robot Tool Changing System Market Overview
1.4 Features & Benefits of This Report
1.5 Methodology & Sources of Information
1.5.1 Research Methodology
1.5.2 Research Process
1.5.3 Base Year
1.5.4 Report Assumptions & Caveats
2 Global Robot Tool Changing System Overall Market Size
2.1 Global Robot Tool Changing System Market Size: 2021 VS 2028
2.2 Global Robot Tool Changing System Revenue, Prospects & Forecasts: 2017-2028
2.3 Global Robot Tool Changing System Sales: 2017-2028
3 Company Landscape
3.1 Top Robot Tool Changing System Players in Global Market
3.2 Top Global Robot Tool Changing System Companies Ranked by Revenue
3.3 Global Robot Tool Changing System Revenue by Companies
3.4 Global Robot Tool Changing System Sales by Companies
3.5 Global Robot Tool Changing System Price by Manufacturer (2017-2022)
3.6 Top 3 and Top 5 Robot Tool Changing System Companies in Global Market, by Revenue in 2021
3.7 Global Manufacturers Robot Tool Changing System Product Type
3.8 Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 Robot Tool Changing System Players in Global Market
3.8.1 List of Global Tier 1 Robot Tool Changing System Companies
3.8.2 List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Robot Tool Changing System Companies
4 Sights by Product
4.1 Overview
4.1.1 By Type - Global Robot Tool Changing System Market Size Markets, 2021 & 2028
4.1.2 Manual Robot Tool Changers
4.1.3 Automatic Robot Tool Changers
4.2 By Type - Global Robot Tool Changing System Revenue & Forecasts
4.2.1 By Type - Global Robot Tool Changing System Revenue, 2017-2022
4.2.2 By Type - Global Robot Tool Changing System Revenue, 2023-2028
4.2.3 By Type - Global Robot Tool Changing System Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
4.3 By Type - Global Robot Tool Changing System Sales & Forecasts
4.3.1 By Type - Global Robot Tool Changing System Sales, 2017-2022
4.3.2 By Type - Global Robot Tool Changing System Sales, 2023-2028
4.3.3 By Type - Global Robot Tool Changing System Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
4.4 By Type - Global Robot Tool Changing System Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2017-2028
5 Sights By Application
5.1 Overview
5.1.1 By Application - Global Robot Tool Changing System Market Size, 2021 & 2028
5.1.2 Light Payload (Less Than 300 Kg)
5.1.3 Medium Payload (300-1000 Kg)
5.1.4 Heavy Payload (Greater Than 1000 Kg)
5.2 By Application - Global Robot Tool Changing System Revenue & Forecasts
5.2.1 By Application - Global Robot Tool Changing System Revenue, 2017-2022
5.2.2 By Application - Global Robot Tool Changing System Revenue, 2023-2028
5.2.3 By Application - Global Robot Tool Changing System Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
5.3 By Application - Global Robot Tool Changing System Sales & Forecasts
5.3.1 By Application - Global Robot Tool Changing System Sales, 2017-2022
5.3.2 By Application - Global Robot Tool Changing System Sales, 2023-2028
5.3.3 By Application - Global Robot Tool Changing System Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
5.4 By Application - Global Robot Tool Changing System Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2017-2028
6 Sights by Region
6.1 By Region - Global Robot Tool Changing System Market Size, 2021 & 2028
6.2 By Region - Global Robot Tool Changing System Revenue & Forecasts
6.2.1 By Region - Global Robot Tool Changing System Revenue, 2017-2022
6.2.2 By Region - Global Robot Tool Changing System Revenue, 2023-2028
6.2.3 By Region - Global Robot Tool Changing System Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
6.3 By Region - Global Robot Tool Changing System Sales & Forecasts
6.3.1 By Region - Global Robot Tool Changing System Sales, 2017-2022
6.3.2 By Region - Global Robot Tool Changing System Sales, 2023-2028
6.3.3 By Region - Global Robot Tool Changing System Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
6.4 North America
6.4.1 By Country - North America Robot Tool Changing System Revenue, 2017-2028
6.4.2 By Country - North America Robot Tool Changing System Sales, 2017-2028
6.4.3 US Robot Tool Changing System Market Size, 2017-2028
6.4.4 Canada Robot Tool Changing System Market Size, 2017-2028
6.4.5 Mexico Robot Tool Changing System Market Size, 2017-2028
6.5 Europe
6.5.1 By Country - Europe Robot Tool Changing System Revenue, 2017-2028
6.5.2 By Country - Europe Robot Tool Changing System Sales, 2017-2028
6.5.3 Germany Robot Tool Changing System Market Size, 2017-2028
6.5.4 France Robot Tool Changing System Market Size, 2017-2028
6.5.5 U.K. Robot Tool Changing System Market Size, 2017-2028
6.5.6 Italy Robot Tool Changing System Market Size, 2017-2028
6.5.7 Russia Robot Tool Changing System Market Size, 2017-2028
6.5.8 Nordic Countries Robot Tool Changing System Market Size, 2017-2028
6.5.9 Benelux Robot Tool Changing System Market Size, 2017-2028
6.6 Asia
6.6.1 By Region - Asia Robot Tool Changing System Revenue, 2017-2028
6.6.2 By Region - Asia Robot Tool Changing System Sales, 2017-2028
6.6.3 China Robot Tool Changing System Market Size, 2017-2028
6.6.4 Japan Robot Tool Changing System Market Size, 2017-2028
6.6.5 South Korea Robot Tool Changing System Market Size, 2017-2028
6.6.6 Southeast Asia Robot Tool Changing System Market Size, 2017-2028
6.6.7 India Robot Tool Changing System Market Size, 2017-2028
6.7 South America
6.7.1 By Country - South America Robot Tool Changing System Revenue, 2017-2028
6.7.2 By Country - South America Robot Tool Changing System Sales, 2017-2028
6.7.3 Brazil Robot Tool Changing System Market Size, 2017-2028
6.7.4 Argentina Robot Tool Changing System Market Size, 2017-2028
6.8 Middle East & Africa
6.8.1 By Country - Middle East & Africa Robot Tool Changing System Revenue, 2017-2028
6.8.2 By Country - Middle East & Africa Robot Tool Changing System Sales, 2017-2028
6.8.3 Turkey Robot Tool Changing System Market Size, 2017-2028
6.8.4 Israel Robot Tool Changing System Market Size, 2017-2028
6.8.5 Saudi Arabia Robot Tool Changing System Market Size, 2017-2028
6.8.6 UAE Robot Tool Changing System Market Size, 2017-2028
7 Manufacturers & Brands Profiles
7.1 ATI
7.1.1 ATI Corporate Summary
7.1.2 ATI Business Overview
7.1.3 ATI Robot Tool Changing System Major Product Offerings
7.1.4 ATI Robot Tool Changing System Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
7.1.5 ATI Key News
7.2 Staubli
7.2.1 Staubli Corporate Summary
7.2.2 Staubli Business Overview
7.2.3 Staubli Robot Tool Changing System Major Product Offerings
7.2.4 Staubli Robot Tool Changing System Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
7.2.5 Staubli Key News
7.3 Schunk
7.3.1 Schunk Corporate Summary
7.3.2 Schunk Business Overview
7.3.3 Schunk Robot Tool Changing System Major Product Offerings
7.3.4 Schunk Robot Tool Changing System Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
7.3.5 Schunk Key News
7.4 Destaco
7.4.1 Destaco Corporate Summary
7.4.2 Destaco Business Overview
7.4.3 Destaco Robot Tool Changing System Major Product Offerings
7.4.4 Destaco Robot Tool Changing System Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
7.4.5 Destaco Key News
7.5 Applied Robotics
7.5.1 Applied Robotics Corporate Summary
7.5.2 Applied Robotics Business Overview
7.5.3 Applied Robotics Robot Tool Changing System Major Product Offerings
7.5.4 Applied Robotics Robot Tool Changing System Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
7.5.5 Applied Robotics Key News
7.6 RSP
7.6.1 RSP Corporate Summary
7.6.2 RSP Business Overview
7.6.3 RSP Robot Tool Changing System Major Product Offerings
7.6.4 RSP Robot Tool Changing System Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
7.6.5 RSP Key News
7.7 AGI
7.7.1 AGI Corporate Summary
7.7.2 AGI Business Overview
7.7.3 AGI Robot Tool Changing System Major Product Offerings
7.7.4 AGI Robot Tool Changing System Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
7.7.5 AGI Key News
7.8 Nitta
7.8.1 Nitta Corporate Summary
7.8.2 Nitta Business Overview
7.8.3 Nitta Robot Tool Changing System Major Product Offerings
7.8.4 Nitta Robot Tool Changing System Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
7.8.5 Nitta Key News
7.9 Pascal
7.9.1 Pascal Corporate Summary
7.9.2 Pascal Business Overview
7.9.3 Pascal Robot Tool Changing System Major Product Offerings
7.9.4 Pascal Robot Tool Changing System Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
7.9.5 Pascal Key News
7.10 Carl Kurt Walther
7.10.1 Carl Kurt Walther Corporate Summary
7.10.2 Carl Kurt Walther Business Overview
7.10.3 Carl Kurt Walther Robot Tool Changing System Major Product Offerings
7.10.4 Carl Kurt Walther Robot Tool Changing System Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
7.10.5 Carl Kurt Walther Key News
7.11 Robotic & Automation Tooling
7.11.1 Robotic & Automation Tooling Corporate Summary
7.11.2 Robotic & Automation Tooling Robot Tool Changing System Business Overview
7.11.3 Robotic & Automation Tooling Robot Tool Changing System Major Product Offerings
7.11.4 Robotic & Automation Tooling Robot Tool Changing System Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
7.11.5 Robotic & Automation Tooling Key News
7.12 OBARA Corporation
7.12.1 OBARA Corporation Corporate Summary
7.12.2 OBARA Corporation Robot Tool Changing System Business Overview
7.12.3 OBARA Corporation Robot Tool Changing System Major Product Offerings
7.12.4 OBARA Corporation Robot Tool Changing System Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
7.12.5 OBARA Corporation Key News
8 Global Robot Tool Changing System Production Capacity, Analysis
8.1 Global Robot Tool Changing System Production Capacity, 2017-2028
8.2 Robot Tool Changing System Production Capacity of Key Manufacturers in Global Market
8.3 Global Robot Tool Changing System Production by Region
9 Key Market Trends, Opportunity, Drivers and Restraints
9.1 Market Opportunities & Trends
9.2 Market Drivers
9.3 Market Restraints
10 Robot Tool Changing System Supply Chain Analysis
10.1 Robot Tool Changing System Industry Value Chain
10.2 Robot Tool Changing System Upstream Market
10.3 Robot Tool Changing System Downstream and Clients
10.4 Marketing Channels Analysis
10.4.1 Marketing Channels
10.4.2 Robot Tool Changing System Distributors and Sales Agents in Global
11 Conclusion
12 Appendix
12.1 Note
12.2 Examples of Clients
12.3 Disclaimer
List of Tables
Table 1. Key Players of Robot Tool Changing System in Global Market
Table 2. Top Robot Tool Changing System Players in Global Market, Ranking by Revenue (2021)
Table 3. Global Robot Tool Changing System Revenue by Companies, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 4. Global Robot Tool Changing System Revenue Share by Companies, 2017-2022
Table 5. Global Robot Tool Changing System Sales by Companies, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 6. Global Robot Tool Changing System Sales Share by Companies, 2017-2022
Table 7. Key Manufacturers Robot Tool Changing System Price (2017-2022) & (USD/Unit)
Table 8. Global Manufacturers Robot Tool Changing System Product Type
Table 9. List of Global Tier 1 Robot Tool Changing System Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2021 and Market Share
Table 10. List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Robot Tool Changing System Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2021 and Market Share
Table 11. By Type ? Global Robot Tool Changing System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2021 & 2028
Table 12. By Type - Global Robot Tool Changing System Revenue (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 13. By Type - Global Robot Tool Changing System Revenue (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 14. By Type - Global Robot Tool Changing System Sales (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 15. By Type - Global Robot Tool Changing System Sales (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 16. By Application ? Global Robot Tool Changing System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2021 & 2028
Table 17. By Application - Global Robot Tool Changing System Revenue (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 18. By Application - Global Robot Tool Changing System Revenue (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 19. By Application - Global Robot Tool Changing System Sales (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 20. By Application - Global Robot Tool Changing System Sales (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 21. By Region ? Global Robot Tool Changing System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2021 VS 2028
Table 22. By Region - Global Robot Tool Changing System Revenue (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 23. By Region - Global Robot Tool Changing System Revenue (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 24. By Region - Global Robot Tool Changing System Sales (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 25. By Region - Global Robot Tool Changing System Sales (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 26. By Country - North America Robot Tool Changing System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 27. By Country - North America Robot Tool Changing System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 28. By Country - North America Robot Tool Changing System Sales, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 29. By Country - North America Robot Tool Changing System Sales, (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 30. By Country - Europe Robot Tool Changing System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 31. By Country - Europe Robot Tool Changing System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 32. By Country - Europe Robot Tool Changing System Sales, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 33. By Country - Europe Robot Tool Changing System Sales, (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 34. By Region - Asia Robot Tool Changing System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 35. By Region - Asia Robot Tool Changing System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 36. By Region - Asia Robot Tool Changing System Sales, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 37. By Region - Asia Robot Tool Changing System Sales, (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 38. By Country - South America Robot Tool Changing System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 39. By Country - South America Robot Tool Changing System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 40. By Country - South America Robot Tool Changing System Sales, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 41. By Country - South America Robot Tool Changing System Sales, (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 42. By Country - Middle East & Africa Robot Tool Changing System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 43. By Country - Middle East & Africa Robot Tool Changing System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 44. By Country - Middle East & Africa Robot Tool Changing System Sales, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 45. By Country - Middle East & Africa Robot Tool Changing System Sales, (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 46. ATI Corporate Summary
Table 47. ATI Robot Tool Changing System Product Offerings
Table 48. ATI Robot Tool Changing System Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 49. Staubli Corporate Summary
Table 50. Staubli Robot Tool Changing System Product Offerings
Table 51. Staubli Robot Tool Changing System Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 52. Schunk Corporate Summary
Table 53. Schunk Robot Tool Changing System Product Offerings
Table 54. Schunk Robot Tool Changing System Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 55. Destaco Corporate Summary
Table 56. Destaco Robot Tool Changing System Product Offerings
Table 57. Destaco Robot Tool Changing System Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 58. Applied Robotics Corporate Summary
Table 59. Applied Robotics Robot Tool Changing System Product Offerings
Table 60. Applied Robotics Robot Tool Changing System Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 61. RSP Corporate Summary
Table 62. RSP Robot Tool Changing System Product Offerings
Table 63. RSP Robot Tool Changing System Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 64. AGI Corporate Summary
Table 65. AGI Robot Tool Changing System Product Offerings
Table 66. AGI Robot Tool Changing System Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 67. Nitta Corporate Summary
Table 68. Nitta Robot Tool Changing System Product Offerings
Table 69. Nitta Robot Tool Changing System Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 70. Pascal Corporate Summary
Table 71. Pascal Robot Tool Changing System Product Offerings
Table 72. Pascal Robot Tool Changing System Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 73. Carl Kurt Walther Corporate Summary
Table 74. Carl Kurt Walther Robot Tool Changing System Product Offerings
Table 75. Carl Kurt Walther Robot Tool Changing System Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 76. Robotic & Automation Tooling Corporate Summary
Table 77. Robotic & Automation Tooling Robot Tool Changing System Product Offerings
Table 78. Robotic & Automation Tooling Robot Tool Changing System Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 79. OBARA Corporation Corporate Summary
Table 80. OBARA Corporation Robot Tool Changing System Product Offerings
Table 81. OBARA Corporation Robot Tool Changing System Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 82. Robot Tool Changing System Production Capacity (K Units) of Key Manufacturers in Global Market, 2020-2022 (K Units)
Table 83. Global Robot Tool Changing System Capacity Market Share of Key Manufacturers, 2020-2022
Table 84. Global Robot Tool Changing System Production by Region, 2017-2022 (K Units)
Table 85. Global Robot Tool Changing System Production by Region, 2023-2028 (K Units)
Table 86. Robot Tool Changing System Market Opportunities & Trends in Global Market
Table 87. Robot Tool Changing System Market Drivers in Global Market
Table 88. Robot Tool Changing System Market Restraints in Global Market
Table 89. Robot Tool Changing System Raw Materials
Table 90. Robot Tool Changing System Raw Materials Suppliers in Global Market
Table 91. Typical Robot Tool Changing System Downstream
Table 92. Robot Tool Changing System Downstream Clients in Global Market
Table 93. Robot Tool Changing System Distributors and Sales Agents in Global Market
List of Figures
Figure 1. Robot Tool Changing System Segment by Type
Figure 2. Robot Tool Changing System Segment by Application
Figure 3. Global Robot Tool Changing System Market Overview: 2021
Figure 4. Key Caveats
Figure 5. Global Robot Tool Changing System Market Size: 2021 VS 2028 (US$, Mn)
Figure 6. Global Robot Tool Changing System Revenue, 2017-2028 (US$, Mn)
Figure 7. Robot Tool Changing System Sales in Global Market: 2017-2028 (K Units)
Figure 8. The Top 3 and 5 Players Market Share by Robot Tool Changing System Revenue in 2021
Figure 9. By Type - Global Robot Tool Changing System Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 10. By Type - Global Robot Tool Changing System Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 11. By Type - Global Robot Tool Changing System Price (USD/Unit), 2017-2028
Figure 12. By Application - Global Robot Tool Changing System Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 13. By Application - Global Robot Tool Changing System Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 14. By Application - Global Robot Tool Changing System Price (USD/Unit), 2017-2028
Figure 15. By Region - Global Robot Tool Changing System Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 16. By Region - Global Robot Tool Changing System Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 17. By Country - North America Robot Tool Changing System Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 18. By Country - North America Robot Tool Changing System Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 19. US Robot Tool Changing System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 20. Canada Robot Tool Changing System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 21. Mexico Robot Tool Changing System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 22. By Country - Europe Robot Tool Changing System Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 23. By Country - Europe Robot Tool Changing System Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 24. Germany Robot Tool Changing System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 25. France Robot Tool Changing System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 26. U.K. Robot Tool Changing System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 27. Italy Robot Tool Changing System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 28. Russia Robot Tool Changing System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 29. Nordic Countries Robot Tool Changing System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 30. Benelux Robot Tool Changing System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 31. By Region - Asia Robot Tool Changing System Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 32. By Region - Asia Robot Tool Changing System Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 33. China Robot Tool Changing System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 34. Japan Robot Tool Changing System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 35. South Korea Robot Tool Changing System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 36. Southeast Asia Robot Tool Changing System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 37. India Robot Tool Changing System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 38. By Country - South America Robot Tool Changing System Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 39. By Country - South America Robot Tool Changing System Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 40. Brazil Robot Tool Changing System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 41. Argentina Robot Tool Changing System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 42. By Country - Middle East & Africa Robot Tool Changing System Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 43. By Country - Middle East & Africa Robot Tool Changing System Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 44. Turkey Robot Tool Changing System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 45. Israel Robot Tool Changing System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 46. Saudi Arabia Robot Tool Changing System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 47. UAE Robot Tool Changing System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 48. Global Robot Tool Changing System Production Capacity (K Units), 2017-2028
Figure 49. The Percentage of Production Robot Tool Changing System by Region, 2021 VS 2028
Figure 50. Robot Tool Changing System Industry Value Chain
Figure 51. Marketing Channels