Optical Communication Equipment Market
1 Introduction to Research & Analysis Reports
1.1 Optical Communication Equipment Market Definition
1.2 Market Segments
1.2.1 Market by Type
1.2.2 Market by Application
1.3 Global Optical Communication Equipment Market Overview
1.4 Features & Benefits of This Report
1.5 Methodology & Sources of Information
1.5.1 Research Methodology
1.5.2 Research Process
1.5.3 Base Year
1.5.4 Report Assumptions & Caveats
2 Global Optical Communication Equipment Overall Market Size
2.1 Global Optical Communication Equipment Market Size: 2021 VS 2028
2.2 Global Optical Communication Equipment Revenue, Prospects & Forecasts: 2017-2028
2.3 Global Optical Communication Equipment Sales: 2017-2028
3 Company Landscape
3.1 Top Optical Communication Equipment Players in Global Market
3.2 Top Global Optical Communication Equipment Companies Ranked by Revenue
3.3 Global Optical Communication Equipment Revenue by Companies
3.4 Global Optical Communication Equipment Sales by Companies
3.5 Global Optical Communication Equipment Price by Manufacturer (2017-2022)
3.6 Top 3 and Top 5 Optical Communication Equipment Companies in Global Market, by Revenue in 2021
3.7 Global Manufacturers Optical Communication Equipment Product Type
3.8 Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 Optical Communication Equipment Players in Global Market
3.8.1 List of Global Tier 1 Optical Communication Equipment Companies
3.8.2 List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Optical Communication Equipment Companies
4 Sights by Product
4.1 Overview
4.1.1 By Type - Global Optical Communication Equipment Market Size Markets, 2021 & 2028
4.1.2 Modulator/Demodulator
4.1.3 Transmitter/Receiver
4.1.4 Optical Fiber
4.1.5 Others
4.2 By Type - Global Optical Communication Equipment Revenue & Forecasts
4.2.1 By Type - Global Optical Communication Equipment Revenue, 2017-2022
4.2.2 By Type - Global Optical Communication Equipment Revenue, 2023-2028
4.2.3 By Type - Global Optical Communication Equipment Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
4.3 By Type - Global Optical Communication Equipment Sales & Forecasts
4.3.1 By Type - Global Optical Communication Equipment Sales, 2017-2022
4.3.2 By Type - Global Optical Communication Equipment Sales, 2023-2028
4.3.3 By Type - Global Optical Communication Equipment Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
4.4 By Type - Global Optical Communication Equipment Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2017-2028
5 Sights By Application
5.1 Overview
5.1.1 By Application - Global Optical Communication Equipment Market Size, 2021 & 2028
5.1.2 Network Operators
5.1.3 Enterprises
5.1.4 Government
5.1.5 Broadband Service Providers
5.1.6 Others
5.2 By Application - Global Optical Communication Equipment Revenue & Forecasts
5.2.1 By Application - Global Optical Communication Equipment Revenue, 2017-2022
5.2.2 By Application - Global Optical Communication Equipment Revenue, 2023-2028
5.2.3 By Application - Global Optical Communication Equipment Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
5.3 By Application - Global Optical Communication Equipment Sales & Forecasts
5.3.1 By Application - Global Optical Communication Equipment Sales, 2017-2022
5.3.2 By Application - Global Optical Communication Equipment Sales, 2023-2028
5.3.3 By Application - Global Optical Communication Equipment Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
5.4 By Application - Global Optical Communication Equipment Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2017-2028
6 Sights by Region
6.1 By Region - Global Optical Communication Equipment Market Size, 2021 & 2028
6.2 By Region - Global Optical Communication Equipment Revenue & Forecasts
6.2.1 By Region - Global Optical Communication Equipment Revenue, 2017-2022
6.2.2 By Region - Global Optical Communication Equipment Revenue, 2023-2028
6.2.3 By Region - Global Optical Communication Equipment Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
6.3 By Region - Global Optical Communication Equipment Sales & Forecasts
6.3.1 By Region - Global Optical Communication Equipment Sales, 2017-2022
6.3.2 By Region - Global Optical Communication Equipment Sales, 2023-2028
6.3.3 By Region - Global Optical Communication Equipment Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
6.4 North America
6.4.1 By Country - North America Optical Communication Equipment Revenue, 2017-2028
6.4.2 By Country - North America Optical Communication Equipment Sales, 2017-2028
6.4.3 US Optical Communication Equipment Market Size, 2017-2028
6.4.4 Canada Optical Communication Equipment Market Size, 2017-2028
6.4.5 Mexico Optical Communication Equipment Market Size, 2017-2028
6.5 Europe
6.5.1 By Country - Europe Optical Communication Equipment Revenue, 2017-2028
6.5.2 By Country - Europe Optical Communication Equipment Sales, 2017-2028
6.5.3 Germany Optical Communication Equipment Market Size, 2017-2028
6.5.4 France Optical Communication Equipment Market Size, 2017-2028
6.5.5 U.K. Optical Communication Equipment Market Size, 2017-2028
6.5.6 Italy Optical Communication Equipment Market Size, 2017-2028
6.5.7 Russia Optical Communication Equipment Market Size, 2017-2028
6.5.8 Nordic Countries Optical Communication Equipment Market Size, 2017-2028
6.5.9 Benelux Optical Communication Equipment Market Size, 2017-2028
6.6 Asia
6.6.1 By Region - Asia Optical Communication Equipment Revenue, 2017-2028
6.6.2 By Region - Asia Optical Communication Equipment Sales, 2017-2028
6.6.3 China Optical Communication Equipment Market Size, 2017-2028
6.6.4 Japan Optical Communication Equipment Market Size, 2017-2028
6.6.5 South Korea Optical Communication Equipment Market Size, 2017-2028
6.6.6 Southeast Asia Optical Communication Equipment Market Size, 2017-2028
6.6.7 India Optical Communication Equipment Market Size, 2017-2028
6.7 South America
6.7.1 By Country - South America Optical Communication Equipment Revenue, 2017-2028
6.7.2 By Country - South America Optical Communication Equipment Sales, 2017-2028
6.7.3 Brazil Optical Communication Equipment Market Size, 2017-2028
6.7.4 Argentina Optical Communication Equipment Market Size, 2017-2028
6.8 Middle East & Africa
6.8.1 By Country - Middle East & Africa Optical Communication Equipment Revenue, 2017-2028
6.8.2 By Country - Middle East & Africa Optical Communication Equipment Sales, 2017-2028
6.8.3 Turkey Optical Communication Equipment Market Size, 2017-2028
6.8.4 Israel Optical Communication Equipment Market Size, 2017-2028
6.8.5 Saudi Arabia Optical Communication Equipment Market Size, 2017-2028
6.8.6 UAE Optical Communication Equipment Market Size, 2017-2028
7 Manufacturers & Brands Profiles
7.1 Cisco
7.1.1 Cisco Corporate Summary
7.1.2 Cisco Business Overview
7.1.3 Cisco Optical Communication Equipment Major Product Offerings
7.1.4 Cisco Optical Communication Equipment Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
7.1.5 Cisco Key News
7.2 Hitachi
7.2.1 Hitachi Corporate Summary
7.2.2 Hitachi Business Overview
7.2.3 Hitachi Optical Communication Equipment Major Product Offerings
7.2.4 Hitachi Optical Communication Equipment Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
7.2.5 Hitachi Key News
7.3 AT and T
7.3.1 AT and T Corporate Summary
7.3.2 AT and T Business Overview
7.3.3 AT and T Optical Communication Equipment Major Product Offerings
7.3.4 AT and T Optical Communication Equipment Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
7.3.5 AT and T Key News
7.4 ECI Telecom
7.4.1 ECI Telecom Corporate Summary
7.4.2 ECI Telecom Business Overview
7.4.3 ECI Telecom Optical Communication Equipment Major Product Offerings
7.4.4 ECI Telecom Optical Communication Equipment Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
7.4.5 ECI Telecom Key News
7.5 Verizon Communications
7.5.1 Verizon Communications Corporate Summary
7.5.2 Verizon Communications Business Overview
7.5.3 Verizon Communications Optical Communication Equipment Major Product Offerings
7.5.4 Verizon Communications Optical Communication Equipment Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
7.5.5 Verizon Communications Key News
7.6 Ericsson
7.6.1 Ericsson Corporate Summary
7.6.2 Ericsson Business Overview
7.6.3 Ericsson Optical Communication Equipment Major Product Offerings
7.6.4 Ericsson Optical Communication Equipment Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
7.6.5 Ericsson Key News
7.7 Mitsubishi Electric
7.7.1 Mitsubishi Electric Corporate Summary
7.7.2 Mitsubishi Electric Business Overview
7.7.3 Mitsubishi Electric Optical Communication Equipment Major Product Offerings
7.7.4 Mitsubishi Electric Optical Communication Equipment Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
7.7.5 Mitsubishi Electric Key News
7.8 Calix
7.8.1 Calix Corporate Summary
7.8.2 Calix Business Overview
7.8.3 Calix Optical Communication Equipment Major Product Offerings
7.8.4 Calix Optical Communication Equipment Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
7.8.5 Calix Key News
7.9 Alcatel-Lucent
7.9.1 Alcatel-Lucent Corporate Summary
7.9.2 Alcatel-Lucent Business Overview
7.9.3 Alcatel-Lucent Optical Communication Equipment Major Product Offerings
7.9.4 Alcatel-Lucent Optical Communication Equipment Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
7.9.5 Alcatel-Lucent Key News
7.10 Broadcom
7.10.1 Broadcom Corporate Summary
7.10.2 Broadcom Business Overview
7.10.3 Broadcom Optical Communication Equipment Major Product Offerings
7.10.4 Broadcom Optical Communication Equipment Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
7.10.5 Broadcom Key News
7.11 Motorola
7.11.1 Motorola Corporate Summary
7.11.2 Motorola Optical Communication Equipment Business Overview
7.11.3 Motorola Optical Communication Equipment Major Product Offerings
7.11.4 Motorola Optical Communication Equipment Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
7.11.5 Motorola Key News
7.12 Huawei
7.12.1 Huawei Corporate Summary
7.12.2 Huawei Optical Communication Equipment Business Overview
7.12.3 Huawei Optical Communication Equipment Major Product Offerings
7.12.4 Huawei Optical Communication Equipment Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
7.12.5 Huawei Key News
8 Global Optical Communication Equipment Production Capacity, Analysis
8.1 Global Optical Communication Equipment Production Capacity, 2017-2028
8.2 Optical Communication Equipment Production Capacity of Key Manufacturers in Global Market
8.3 Global Optical Communication Equipment Production by Region
9 Key Market Trends, Opportunity, Drivers and Restraints
9.1 Market Opportunities & Trends
9.2 Market Drivers
9.3 Market Restraints
10 Optical Communication Equipment Supply Chain Analysis
10.1 Optical Communication Equipment Industry Value Chain
10.2 Optical Communication Equipment Upstream Market
10.3 Optical Communication Equipment Downstream and Clients
10.4 Marketing Channels Analysis
10.4.1 Marketing Channels
10.4.2 Optical Communication Equipment Distributors and Sales Agents in Global
11 Conclusion
12 Appendix
12.1 Note
12.2 Examples of Clients
12.3 Disclaimer
List of Tables
Table 1. Key Players of Optical Communication Equipment in Global Market
Table 2. Top Optical Communication Equipment Players in Global Market, Ranking by Revenue (2021)
Table 3. Global Optical Communication Equipment Revenue by Companies, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 4. Global Optical Communication Equipment Revenue Share by Companies, 2017-2022
Table 5. Global Optical Communication Equipment Sales by Companies, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 6. Global Optical Communication Equipment Sales Share by Companies, 2017-2022
Table 7. Key Manufacturers Optical Communication Equipment Price (2017-2022) & (USD/Unit)
Table 8. Global Manufacturers Optical Communication Equipment Product Type
Table 9. List of Global Tier 1 Optical Communication Equipment Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2021 and Market Share
Table 10. List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Optical Communication Equipment Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2021 and Market Share
Table 11. By Type ? Global Optical Communication Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2021 & 2028
Table 12. By Type - Global Optical Communication Equipment Revenue (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 13. By Type - Global Optical Communication Equipment Revenue (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 14. By Type - Global Optical Communication Equipment Sales (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 15. By Type - Global Optical Communication Equipment Sales (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 16. By Application ? Global Optical Communication Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2021 & 2028
Table 17. By Application - Global Optical Communication Equipment Revenue (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 18. By Application - Global Optical Communication Equipment Revenue (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 19. By Application - Global Optical Communication Equipment Sales (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 20. By Application - Global Optical Communication Equipment Sales (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 21. By Region ? Global Optical Communication Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2021 VS 2028
Table 22. By Region - Global Optical Communication Equipment Revenue (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 23. By Region - Global Optical Communication Equipment Revenue (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 24. By Region - Global Optical Communication Equipment Sales (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 25. By Region - Global Optical Communication Equipment Sales (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 26. By Country - North America Optical Communication Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 27. By Country - North America Optical Communication Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 28. By Country - North America Optical Communication Equipment Sales, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 29. By Country - North America Optical Communication Equipment Sales, (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 30. By Country - Europe Optical Communication Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 31. By Country - Europe Optical Communication Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 32. By Country - Europe Optical Communication Equipment Sales, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 33. By Country - Europe Optical Communication Equipment Sales, (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 34. By Region - Asia Optical Communication Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 35. By Region - Asia Optical Communication Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 36. By Region - Asia Optical Communication Equipment Sales, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 37. By Region - Asia Optical Communication Equipment Sales, (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 38. By Country - South America Optical Communication Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 39. By Country - South America Optical Communication Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 40. By Country - South America Optical Communication Equipment Sales, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 41. By Country - South America Optical Communication Equipment Sales, (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 42. By Country - Middle East & Africa Optical Communication Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 43. By Country - Middle East & Africa Optical Communication Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 44. By Country - Middle East & Africa Optical Communication Equipment Sales, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 45. By Country - Middle East & Africa Optical Communication Equipment Sales, (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 46. Cisco Corporate Summary
Table 47. Cisco Optical Communication Equipment Product Offerings
Table 48. Cisco Optical Communication Equipment Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 49. Hitachi Corporate Summary
Table 50. Hitachi Optical Communication Equipment Product Offerings
Table 51. Hitachi Optical Communication Equipment Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 52. AT and T Corporate Summary
Table 53. AT and T Optical Communication Equipment Product Offerings
Table 54. AT and T Optical Communication Equipment Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 55. ECI Telecom Corporate Summary
Table 56. ECI Telecom Optical Communication Equipment Product Offerings
Table 57. ECI Telecom Optical Communication Equipment Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 58. Verizon Communications Corporate Summary
Table 59. Verizon Communications Optical Communication Equipment Product Offerings
Table 60. Verizon Communications Optical Communication Equipment Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 61. Ericsson Corporate Summary
Table 62. Ericsson Optical Communication Equipment Product Offerings
Table 63. Ericsson Optical Communication Equipment Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 64. Mitsubishi Electric Corporate Summary
Table 65. Mitsubishi Electric Optical Communication Equipment Product Offerings
Table 66. Mitsubishi Electric Optical Communication Equipment Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 67. Calix Corporate Summary
Table 68. Calix Optical Communication Equipment Product Offerings
Table 69. Calix Optical Communication Equipment Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 70. Alcatel-Lucent Corporate Summary
Table 71. Alcatel-Lucent Optical Communication Equipment Product Offerings
Table 72. Alcatel-Lucent Optical Communication Equipment Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 73. Broadcom Corporate Summary
Table 74. Broadcom Optical Communication Equipment Product Offerings
Table 75. Broadcom Optical Communication Equipment Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 76. Motorola Corporate Summary
Table 77. Motorola Optical Communication Equipment Product Offerings
Table 78. Motorola Optical Communication Equipment Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 79. Huawei Corporate Summary
Table 80. Huawei Optical Communication Equipment Product Offerings
Table 81. Huawei Optical Communication Equipment Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 82. Optical Communication Equipment Production Capacity (K Units) of Key Manufacturers in Global Market, 2020-2022 (K Units)
Table 83. Global Optical Communication Equipment Capacity Market Share of Key Manufacturers, 2020-2022
Table 84. Global Optical Communication Equipment Production by Region, 2017-2022 (K Units)
Table 85. Global Optical Communication Equipment Production by Region, 2023-2028 (K Units)
Table 86. Optical Communication Equipment Market Opportunities & Trends in Global Market
Table 87. Optical Communication Equipment Market Drivers in Global Market
Table 88. Optical Communication Equipment Market Restraints in Global Market
Table 89. Optical Communication Equipment Raw Materials
Table 90. Optical Communication Equipment Raw Materials Suppliers in Global Market
Table 91. Typical Optical Communication Equipment Downstream
Table 92. Optical Communication Equipment Downstream Clients in Global Market
Table 93. Optical Communication Equipment Distributors and Sales Agents in Global Market
List of Figures
Figure 1. Optical Communication Equipment Segment by Type
Figure 2. Optical Communication Equipment Segment by Application
Figure 3. Global Optical Communication Equipment Market Overview: 2020
Figure 4. Key Caveats
Figure 5. Global Optical Communication Equipment Market Size: 2021 VS 2028 (US$, Mn)
Figure 6. Global Optical Communication Equipment Revenue, 2017-2028 (US$, Mn)
Figure 7. Optical Communication Equipment Sales in Global Market: 2017-2028 (K Units)
Figure 8. The Top 3 and 5 Players Market Share by Optical Communication Equipment Revenue in 2021
Figure 9. By Type - Global Optical Communication Equipment Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 10. By Type - Global Optical Communication Equipment Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 11. By Type - Global Optical Communication Equipment Price (USD/Unit), 2017-2028
Figure 12. By Application - Global Optical Communication Equipment Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 13. By Application - Global Optical Communication Equipment Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 14. By Application - Global Optical Communication Equipment Price (USD/Unit), 2017-2028
Figure 15. By Region - Global Optical Communication Equipment Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 16. By Region - Global Optical Communication Equipment Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 17. By Country - North America Optical Communication Equipment Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 18. By Country - North America Optical Communication Equipment Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 19. US Optical Communication Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 20. Canada Optical Communication Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 21. Mexico Optical Communication Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 22. By Country - Europe Optical Communication Equipment Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 23. By Country - Europe Optical Communication Equipment Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 24. Germany Optical Communication Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 25. France Optical Communication Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 26. U.K. Optical Communication Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 27. Italy Optical Communication Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 28. Russia Optical Communication Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 29. Nordic Countries Optical Communication Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 30. Benelux Optical Communication Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 31. By Region - Asia Optical Communication Equipment Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 32. By Region - Asia Optical Communication Equipment Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 33. China Optical Communication Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 34. Japan Optical Communication Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 35. South Korea Optical Communication Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 36. Southeast Asia Optical Communication Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 37. India Optical Communication Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 38. By Country - South America Optical Communication Equipment Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 39. By Country - South America Optical Communication Equipment Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 40. Brazil Optical Communication Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 41. Argentina Optical Communication Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 42. By Country - Middle East & Africa Optical Communication Equipment Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 43. By Country - Middle East & Africa Optical Communication Equipment Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 44. Turkey Optical Communication Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 45. Israel Optical Communication Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 46. Saudi Arabia Optical Communication Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 47. UAE Optical Communication Equipment Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 48. Global Optical Communication Equipment Production Capacity (K Units), 2017-2028
Figure 49. The Percentage of Production Optical Communication Equipment by Region, 2020 VS 2027
Figure 50. Optical Communication Equipment Industry Value Chain
Figure 51. Marketing Channels