Mini Chainsaw and Forecast Market
1 Introduction to Research & Analysis Reports
1.1 Mini Chainsaw Market Definition
1.2 Market Segments
1.2.1 Segment by Type
1.2.2 Segment by Application
1.3 Global Mini Chainsaw Market Overview
1.4 Features & Benefits of This Report
1.5 Methodology & Sources of Information
1.5.1 Research Methodology
1.5.2 Research Process
1.5.3 Base Year
1.5.4 Report Assumptions & Caveats
2 Global Mini Chainsaw Overall Market Size
2.1 Global Mini Chainsaw Market Size: 2024 VS 2032
2.2 Global Mini Chainsaw Market Size, Prospects & Forecasts: 2020-2032
2.3 Global Mini Chainsaw Sales: 2020-2032
3 Company Landscape
3.1 Top Mini Chainsaw Players in Global Market
3.2 Top Global Mini Chainsaw Companies Ranked by Revenue
3.3 Global Mini Chainsaw Revenue by Companies
3.4 Global Mini Chainsaw Sales by Companies
3.5 Global Mini Chainsaw Price by Manufacturer (2020-2025)
3.6 Top 3 and Top 5 Mini Chainsaw Companies in Global Market, by Revenue in 2024
3.7 Global Manufacturers Mini Chainsaw Product Type
3.8 Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3 Mini Chainsaw Players in Global Market
3.8.1 List of Global Tier 1 Mini Chainsaw Companies
3.8.2 List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Mini Chainsaw Companies
4 Sights by Product
4.1 Overview
4.1.1 Segment by Type - Global Mini Chainsaw Market Size Markets, 2024 & 2032
4.1.2 18V
4.1.3 20V
4.1.4 Others
4.2 Segment by Type - Global Mini Chainsaw Revenue & Forecasts
4.2.1 Segment by Type - Global Mini Chainsaw Revenue, 2020-2025
4.2.2 Segment by Type - Global Mini Chainsaw Revenue, 2026-2032
4.2.3 Segment by Type - Global Mini Chainsaw Revenue Market Share, 2020-2032
4.3 Segment by Type - Global Mini Chainsaw Sales & Forecasts
4.3.1 Segment by Type - Global Mini Chainsaw Sales, 2020-2025
4.3.2 Segment by Type - Global Mini Chainsaw Sales, 2026-2032
4.3.3 Segment by Type - Global Mini Chainsaw Sales Market Share, 2020-2032
4.4 Segment by Type - Global Mini Chainsaw Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2020-2032
5 Sights by Application
5.1 Overview
5.1.1 Segment by Application - Global Mini Chainsaw Market Size, 2024 & 2032
5.1.2 Household
5.1.3 Commercial
5.2 Segment by Application - Global Mini Chainsaw Revenue & Forecasts
5.2.1 Segment by Application - Global Mini Chainsaw Revenue, 2020-2025
5.2.2 Segment by Application - Global Mini Chainsaw Revenue, 2026-2032
5.2.3 Segment by Application - Global Mini Chainsaw Revenue Market Share, 2020-2032
5.3 Segment by Application - Global Mini Chainsaw Sales & Forecasts
5.3.1 Segment by Application - Global Mini Chainsaw Sales, 2020-2025
5.3.2 Segment by Application - Global Mini Chainsaw Sales, 2026-2032
5.3.3 Segment by Application - Global Mini Chainsaw Sales Market Share, 2020-2032
5.4 Segment by Application - Global Mini Chainsaw Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2020-2032
6 Sights by Region
6.1 By Region - Global Mini Chainsaw Market Size, 2024 & 2032
6.2 By Region - Global Mini Chainsaw Revenue & Forecasts
6.2.1 By Region - Global Mini Chainsaw Revenue, 2020-2025
6.2.2 By Region - Global Mini Chainsaw Revenue, 2026-2032
6.2.3 By Region - Global Mini Chainsaw Revenue Market Share, 2020-2032
6.3 By Region - Global Mini Chainsaw Sales & Forecasts
6.3.1 By Region - Global Mini Chainsaw Sales, 2020-2025
6.3.2 By Region - Global Mini Chainsaw Sales, 2026-2032
6.3.3 By Region - Global Mini Chainsaw Sales Market Share, 2020-2032
6.4 North America
6.4.1 By Country - North America Mini Chainsaw Revenue, 2020-2032
6.4.2 By Country - North America Mini Chainsaw Sales, 2020-2032
6.4.3 United States Mini Chainsaw Market Size, 2020-2032
6.4.4 Canada Mini Chainsaw Market Size, 2020-2032
6.4.5 Mexico Mini Chainsaw Market Size, 2020-2032
6.5 Europe
6.5.1 By Country - Europe Mini Chainsaw Revenue, 2020-2032
6.5.2 By Country - Europe Mini Chainsaw Sales, 2020-2032
6.5.3 Germany Mini Chainsaw Market Size, 2020-2032
6.5.4 France Mini Chainsaw Market Size, 2020-2032
6.5.5 U.K. Mini Chainsaw Market Size, 2020-2032
6.5.6 Italy Mini Chainsaw Market Size, 2020-2032
6.5.7 Russia Mini Chainsaw Market Size, 2020-2032
6.5.8 Nordic Countries Mini Chainsaw Market Size, 2020-2032
6.5.9 Benelux Mini Chainsaw Market Size, 2020-2032
6.6 Asia
6.6.1 By Region - Asia Mini Chainsaw Revenue, 2020-2032
6.6.2 By Region - Asia Mini Chainsaw Sales, 2020-2032
6.6.3 China Mini Chainsaw Market Size, 2020-2032
6.6.4 Japan Mini Chainsaw Market Size, 2020-2032
6.6.5 South Korea Mini Chainsaw Market Size, 2020-2032
6.6.6 Southeast Asia Mini Chainsaw Market Size, 2020-2032
6.6.7 India Mini Chainsaw Market Size, 2020-2032
6.7 South America
6.7.1 By Country - South America Mini Chainsaw Revenue, 2020-2032
6.7.2 By Country - South America Mini Chainsaw Sales, 2020-2032
6.7.3 Brazil Mini Chainsaw Market Size, 2020-2032
6.7.4 Argentina Mini Chainsaw Market Size, 2020-2032
6.8 Middle East & Africa
6.8.1 By Country - Middle East & Africa Mini Chainsaw Revenue, 2020-2032
6.8.2 By Country - Middle East & Africa Mini Chainsaw Sales, 2020-2032
6.8.3 Turkey Mini Chainsaw Market Size, 2020-2032
6.8.4 Israel Mini Chainsaw Market Size, 2020-2032
6.8.5 Saudi Arabia Mini Chainsaw Market Size, 2020-2032
6.8.6 UAE Mini Chainsaw Market Size, 2020-2032
7 Manufacturers & Brands Profiles
7.1 TTI
7.1.1 TTI Company Summary
7.1.2 TTI Business Overview
7.1.3 TTI Mini Chainsaw Major Product Offerings
7.1.4 TTI Mini Chainsaw Sales and Revenue in Global (2020-2025)
7.1.5 TTI Key News & Latest Developments
7.2 Stanley Black & Decker
7.2.1 Stanley Black & Decker Company Summary
7.2.2 Stanley Black & Decker Business Overview
7.2.3 Stanley Black & Decker Mini Chainsaw Major Product Offerings
7.2.4 Stanley Black & Decker Mini Chainsaw Sales and Revenue in Global (2020-2025)
7.2.5 Stanley Black & Decker Key News & Latest Developments
7.3 Bosch
7.3.1 Bosch Company Summary
7.3.2 Bosch Business Overview
7.3.3 Bosch Mini Chainsaw Major Product Offerings
7.3.4 Bosch Mini Chainsaw Sales and Revenue in Global (2020-2025)
7.3.5 Bosch Key News & Latest Developments
7.4 Makita
7.4.1 Makita Company Summary
7.4.2 Makita Business Overview
7.4.3 Makita Mini Chainsaw Major Product Offerings
7.4.4 Makita Mini Chainsaw Sales and Revenue in Global (2020-2025)
7.4.5 Makita Key News & Latest Developments
7.5 Imoum
7.5.1 Imoum Company Summary
7.5.2 Imoum Business Overview
7.5.3 Imoum Mini Chainsaw Major Product Offerings
7.5.4 Imoum Mini Chainsaw Sales and Revenue in Global (2020-2025)
7.5.5 Imoum Key News & Latest Developments
7.6 Total Tools
7.6.1 Total Tools Company Summary
7.6.2 Total Tools Business Overview
7.6.3 Total Tools Mini Chainsaw Major Product Offerings
7.6.4 Total Tools Mini Chainsaw Sales and Revenue in Global (2020-2025)
7.6.5 Total Tools Key News & Latest Developments
7.7 Kimo Tools
7.7.1 Kimo Tools Company Summary
7.7.2 Kimo Tools Business Overview
7.7.3 Kimo Tools Mini Chainsaw Major Product Offerings
7.7.4 Kimo Tools Mini Chainsaw Sales and Revenue in Global (2020-2025)
7.7.5 Kimo Tools Key News & Latest Developments
7.8 Ingco Curacao
7.8.1 Ingco Curacao Company Summary
7.8.2 Ingco Curacao Business Overview
7.8.3 Ingco Curacao Mini Chainsaw Major Product Offerings
7.8.4 Ingco Curacao Mini Chainsaw Sales and Revenue in Global (2020-2025)
7.8.5 Ingco Curacao Key News & Latest Developments
7.9 Litheli
7.9.1 Litheli Company Summary
7.9.2 Litheli Business Overview
7.9.3 Litheli Mini Chainsaw Major Product Offerings
7.9.4 Litheli Mini Chainsaw Sales and Revenue in Global (2020-2025)
7.9.5 Litheli Key News & Latest Developments
7.10 Stihl
7.10.1 Stihl Company Summary
7.10.2 Stihl Business Overview
7.10.3 Stihl Mini Chainsaw Major Product Offerings
7.10.4 Stihl Mini Chainsaw Sales and Revenue in Global (2020-2025)
7.10.5 Stihl Key News & Latest Developments
7.11 SeeSii
7.11.1 SeeSii Company Summary
7.11.2 SeeSii Business Overview
7.11.3 SeeSii Mini Chainsaw Major Product Offerings
7.11.4 SeeSii Mini Chainsaw Sales and Revenue in Global (2020-2025)
7.11.5 SeeSii Key News & Latest Developments
8 Global Mini Chainsaw Production Capacity, Analysis
8.1 Global Mini Chainsaw Production Capacity, 2020-2032
8.2 Mini Chainsaw Production Capacity of Key Manufacturers in Global Market
8.3 Global Mini Chainsaw Production by Region
9 Key Market Trends, Opportunity, Drivers and Restraints
9.1 Market Opportunities & Trends
9.2 Market Drivers
9.3 Market Restraints
10 Mini Chainsaw Supply Chain Analysis
10.1 Mini Chainsaw Industry Value Chain
10.2 Mini Chainsaw Upstream Market
10.3 Mini Chainsaw Downstream and Clients
10.4 Marketing Channels Analysis
10.4.1 Marketing Channels
10.4.2 Mini Chainsaw Distributors and Sales Agents in Global
11 Conclusion
12 Appendix
12.1 Note
12.2 Examples of Clients
12.3 Disclaimer
List of Tables
Table 1. Key Players of Mini Chainsaw in Global Market
Table 2. Top Mini Chainsaw Players in Global Market, Ranking by Revenue (2024)
Table 3. Global Mini Chainsaw Revenue by Companies, (US$, Mn), 2020-2025
Table 4. Global Mini Chainsaw Revenue Share by Companies, 2020-2025
Table 5. Global Mini Chainsaw Sales by Companies, (K Units), 2020-2025
Table 6. Global Mini Chainsaw Sales Share by Companies, 2020-2025
Table 7. Key Manufacturers Mini Chainsaw Price (2020-2025) & (US$/Unit)
Table 8. Global Manufacturers Mini Chainsaw Product Type
Table 9. List of Global Tier 1 Mini Chainsaw Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2024 and Market Share
Table 10. List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Mini Chainsaw Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2024 and Market Share
Table 11. Segment by Type � Global Mini Chainsaw Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024 & 2032
Table 12. Segment by Type - Global Mini Chainsaw Revenue (US$, Mn), 2020-2025
Table 13. Segment by Type - Global Mini Chainsaw Revenue (US$, Mn), 2026-2032
Table 14. Segment by Type - Global Mini Chainsaw Sales (K Units), 2020-2025
Table 15. Segment by Type - Global Mini Chainsaw Sales (K Units), 2026-2032
Table 16. Segment by Application � Global Mini Chainsaw Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024 & 2032
Table 17. Segment by Application - Global Mini Chainsaw Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2020-2025
Table 18. Segment by Application - Global Mini Chainsaw Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2026-2032
Table 19. Segment by Application - Global Mini Chainsaw Sales, (K Units), 2020-2025
Table 20. Segment by Application - Global Mini Chainsaw Sales, (K Units), 2026-2032
Table 21. By Region � Global Mini Chainsaw Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2025-2032
Table 22. By Region - Global Mini Chainsaw Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2020-2025
Table 23. By Region - Global Mini Chainsaw Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2026-2032
Table 24. By Region - Global Mini Chainsaw Sales, (K Units), 2020-2025
Table 25. By Region - Global Mini Chainsaw Sales, (K Units), 2026-2032
Table 26. By Country - North America Mini Chainsaw Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2020-2025
Table 27. By Country - North America Mini Chainsaw Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2026-2032
Table 28. By Country - North America Mini Chainsaw Sales, (K Units), 2020-2025
Table 29. By Country - North America Mini Chainsaw Sales, (K Units), 2026-2032
Table 30. By Country - Europe Mini Chainsaw Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2020-2025
Table 31. By Country - Europe Mini Chainsaw Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2026-2032
Table 32. By Country - Europe Mini Chainsaw Sales, (K Units), 2020-2025
Table 33. By Country - Europe Mini Chainsaw Sales, (K Units), 2026-2032
Table 34. By Region - Asia Mini Chainsaw Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2020-2025
Table 35. By Region - Asia Mini Chainsaw Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2026-2032
Table 36. By Region - Asia Mini Chainsaw Sales, (K Units), 2020-2025
Table 37. By Region - Asia Mini Chainsaw Sales, (K Units), 2026-2032
Table 38. By Country - South America Mini Chainsaw Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2020-2025
Table 39. By Country - South America Mini Chainsaw Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2026-2032
Table 40. By Country - South America Mini Chainsaw Sales, (K Units), 2020-2025
Table 41. By Country - South America Mini Chainsaw Sales, (K Units), 2026-2032
Table 42. By Country - Middle East & Africa Mini Chainsaw Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2020-2025
Table 43. By Country - Middle East & Africa Mini Chainsaw Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2026-2032
Table 44. By Country - Middle East & Africa Mini Chainsaw Sales, (K Units), 2020-2025
Table 45. By Country - Middle East & Africa Mini Chainsaw Sales, (K Units), 2026-2032
Table 46. TTI Company Summary
Table 47. TTI Mini Chainsaw Product Offerings
Table 48. TTI Mini Chainsaw Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) & (2020-2025)
Table 49. TTI Key News & Latest Developments
Table 50. Stanley Black & Decker Company Summary
Table 51. Stanley Black & Decker Mini Chainsaw Product Offerings
Table 52. Stanley Black & Decker Mini Chainsaw Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) & (2020-2025)
Table 53. Stanley Black & Decker Key News & Latest Developments
Table 54. Bosch Company Summary
Table 55. Bosch Mini Chainsaw Product Offerings
Table 56. Bosch Mini Chainsaw Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) & (2020-2025)
Table 57. Bosch Key News & Latest Developments
Table 58. Makita Company Summary
Table 59. Makita Mini Chainsaw Product Offerings
Table 60. Makita Mini Chainsaw Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) & (2020-2025)
Table 61. Makita Key News & Latest Developments
Table 62. Imoum Company Summary
Table 63. Imoum Mini Chainsaw Product Offerings
Table 64. Imoum Mini Chainsaw Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) & (2020-2025)
Table 65. Imoum Key News & Latest Developments
Table 66. Total Tools Company Summary
Table 67. Total Tools Mini Chainsaw Product Offerings
Table 68. Total Tools Mini Chainsaw Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) & (2020-2025)
Table 69. Total Tools Key News & Latest Developments
Table 70. Kimo Tools Company Summary
Table 71. Kimo Tools Mini Chainsaw Product Offerings
Table 72. Kimo Tools Mini Chainsaw Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) & (2020-2025)
Table 73. Kimo Tools Key News & Latest Developments
Table 74. Ingco Curacao Company Summary
Table 75. Ingco Curacao Mini Chainsaw Product Offerings
Table 76. Ingco Curacao Mini Chainsaw Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) & (2020-2025)
Table 77. Ingco Curacao Key News & Latest Developments
Table 78. Litheli Company Summary
Table 79. Litheli Mini Chainsaw Product Offerings
Table 80. Litheli Mini Chainsaw Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) & (2020-2025)
Table 81. Litheli Key News & Latest Developments
Table 82. Stihl Company Summary
Table 83. Stihl Mini Chainsaw Product Offerings
Table 84. Stihl Mini Chainsaw Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) & (2020-2025)
Table 85. Stihl Key News & Latest Developments
Table 86. SeeSii Company Summary
Table 87. SeeSii Mini Chainsaw Product Offerings
Table 88. SeeSii Mini Chainsaw Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) & (2020-2025)
Table 89. SeeSii Key News & Latest Developments
Table 90. Mini Chainsaw Capacity of Key Manufacturers in Global Market, 2023-2025 (K Units)
Table 91. Global Mini Chainsaw Capacity Market Share of Key Manufacturers, 2023-2025
Table 92. Global Mini Chainsaw Production by Region, 2020-2025 (K Units)
Table 93. Global Mini Chainsaw Production by Region, 2026-2032 (K Units)
Table 94. Mini Chainsaw Market Opportunities & Trends in Global Market
Table 95. Mini Chainsaw Market Drivers in Global Market
Table 96. Mini Chainsaw Market Restraints in Global Market
Table 97. Mini Chainsaw Raw Materials
Table 98. Mini Chainsaw Raw Materials Suppliers in Global Market
Table 99. Typical Mini Chainsaw Downstream
Table 100. Mini Chainsaw Downstream Clients in Global Market
Table 101. Mini Chainsaw Distributors and Sales Agents in Global Market
List of Figures
Figure 1. Mini Chainsaw Product Picture
Figure 2. Mini Chainsaw Segment by Type in 2024
Figure 3. Mini Chainsaw Segment by Application in 2024
Figure 4. Global Mini Chainsaw Market Overview: 2024
Figure 5. Key Caveats
Figure 6. Global Mini Chainsaw Market Size: 2024 VS 2032 (US$, Mn)
Figure 7. Global Mini Chainsaw Revenue: 2020-2032 (US$, Mn)
Figure 8. Mini Chainsaw Sales in Global Market: 2020-2032 (K Units)
Figure 9. The Top 3 and 5 Players Market Share by Mini Chainsaw Revenue in 2024
Figure 10. Segment by Type � Global Mini Chainsaw Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024 & 2032
Figure 11. Segment by Type - Global Mini Chainsaw Revenue Market Share, 2020-2032
Figure 12. Segment by Type - Global Mini Chainsaw Sales Market Share, 2020-2032
Figure 13. Segment by Type - Global Mini Chainsaw Price (US$/Unit), 2020-2032
Figure 14. Segment by Application � Global Mini Chainsaw Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024 & 2032
Figure 15. Segment by Application - Global Mini Chainsaw Revenue Market Share, 2020-2032
Figure 16. Segment by Application - Global Mini Chainsaw Sales Market Share, 2020-2032
Figure 17. Segment by Application -Global Mini Chainsaw Price (US$/Unit), 2020-2032
Figure 18. By Region � Global Mini Chainsaw Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2025 & 2032
Figure 19. By Region - Global Mini Chainsaw Revenue Market Share, 2020 VS 2024 VS 2032
Figure 20. By Region - Global Mini Chainsaw Revenue Market Share, 2020-2032
Figure 21. By Region - Global Mini Chainsaw Sales Market Share, 2020-2032
Figure 22. By Country - North America Mini Chainsaw Revenue Market Share, 2020-2032
Figure 23. By Country - North America Mini Chainsaw Sales Market Share, 2020-2032
Figure 24. United States Mini Chainsaw Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2020-2032
Figure 25. Canada Mini Chainsaw Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2020-2032
Figure 26. Mexico Mini Chainsaw Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2020-2032
Figure 27. By Country - Europe Mini Chainsaw Revenue Market Share, 2020-2032
Figure 28. By Country - Europe Mini Chainsaw Sales Market Share, 2020-2032
Figure 29. Germany Mini Chainsaw Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2020-2032
Figure 30. France Mini Chainsaw Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2020-2032
Figure 31. U.K. Mini Chainsaw Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2020-2032
Figure 32. Italy Mini Chainsaw Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2020-2032
Figure 33. Russia Mini Chainsaw Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2020-2032
Figure 34. Nordic Countries Mini Chainsaw Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2020-2032
Figure 35. Benelux Mini Chainsaw Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2020-2032
Figure 36. By Region - Asia Mini Chainsaw Revenue Market Share, 2020-2032
Figure 37. By Region - Asia Mini Chainsaw Sales Market Share, 2020-2032
Figure 38. China Mini Chainsaw Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2020-2032
Figure 39. Japan Mini Chainsaw Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2020-2032
Figure 40. South Korea Mini Chainsaw Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2020-2032
Figure 41. Southeast Asia Mini Chainsaw Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2020-2032
Figure 42. India Mini Chainsaw Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2020-2032
Figure 43. By Country - South America Mini Chainsaw Revenue Market Share, 2020-2032
Figure 44. By Country - South America Mini Chainsaw Sales, Market Share, 2020-2032
Figure 45. Brazil Mini Chainsaw Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2020-2032
Figure 46. Argentina Mini Chainsaw Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2020-2032
Figure 47. By Country - Middle East & Africa Mini Chainsaw Revenue, Market Share, 2020-2032
Figure 48. By Country - Middle East & Africa Mini Chainsaw Sales, Market Share, 2020-2032
Figure 49. Turkey Mini Chainsaw Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2020-2032
Figure 50. Israel Mini Chainsaw Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2020-2032
Figure 51. Saudi Arabia Mini Chainsaw Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2020-2032
Figure 52. UAE Mini Chainsaw Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2020-2032
Figure 53. Global Mini Chainsaw Production Capacity (K Units), 2020-2032
Figure 54. The Percentage of Production Mini Chainsaw by Region, 2024 VS 2032
Figure 55. Mini Chainsaw Industry Value Chain
Figure 56. Marketing Channels