Handheld Jack Market
1 Introduction to Research & Analysis Reports
1.1 Handheld Jack Market Definition
1.2 Market Segments
1.2.1 Market by Type
1.2.2 Market by Application
1.3 Global Handheld Jack Market Overview
1.4 Features & Benefits of This Report
1.5 Methodology & Sources of Information
1.5.1 Research Methodology
1.5.2 Research Process
1.5.3 Base Year
1.5.4 Report Assumptions & Caveats
2 Global Handheld Jack Overall Market Size
2.1 Global Handheld Jack Market Size: 2021 VS 2028
2.2 Global Handheld Jack Revenue, Prospects & Forecasts: 2017-2028
2.3 Global Handheld Jack Sales: 2017-2028
3 Company Landscape
3.1 Top Handheld Jack Players in Global Market
3.2 Top Global Handheld Jack Companies Ranked by Revenue
3.3 Global Handheld Jack Revenue by Companies
3.4 Global Handheld Jack Sales by Companies
3.5 Global Handheld Jack Price by Manufacturer (2017-2022)
3.6 Top 3 and Top 5 Handheld Jack Companies in Global Market, by Revenue in 2021
3.7 Global Manufacturers Handheld Jack Product Type
3.8 Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 Handheld Jack Players in Global Market
3.8.1 List of Global Tier 1 Handheld Jack Companies
3.8.2 List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Handheld Jack Companies
4 Sights by Product
4.1 Overview
4.1.1 By Type - Global Handheld Jack Market Size Markets, 2021 & 2028
4.1.2 Pneumatic
4.1.3 Hydraulic
4.1.4 Mechanical
4.2 By Type - Global Handheld Jack Revenue & Forecasts
4.2.1 By Type - Global Handheld Jack Revenue, 2017-2022
4.2.2 By Type - Global Handheld Jack Revenue, 2023-2028
4.2.3 By Type - Global Handheld Jack Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
4.3 By Type - Global Handheld Jack Sales & Forecasts
4.3.1 By Type - Global Handheld Jack Sales, 2017-2022
4.3.2 By Type - Global Handheld Jack Sales, 2023-2028
4.3.3 By Type - Global Handheld Jack Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
4.4 By Type - Global Handheld Jack Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2017-2028
5 Sights By Application
5.1 Overview
5.1.1 By Application - Global Handheld Jack Market Size, 2021 & 2028
5.1.2 Automotive
5.1.3 Building
5.1.4 Industrial Equipment
5.1.5 Other
5.2 By Application - Global Handheld Jack Revenue & Forecasts
5.2.1 By Application - Global Handheld Jack Revenue, 2017-2022
5.2.2 By Application - Global Handheld Jack Revenue, 2023-2028
5.2.3 By Application - Global Handheld Jack Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
5.3 By Application - Global Handheld Jack Sales & Forecasts
5.3.1 By Application - Global Handheld Jack Sales, 2017-2022
5.3.2 By Application - Global Handheld Jack Sales, 2023-2028
5.3.3 By Application - Global Handheld Jack Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
5.4 By Application - Global Handheld Jack Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2017-2028
6 Sights by Region
6.1 By Region - Global Handheld Jack Market Size, 2021 & 2028
6.2 By Region - Global Handheld Jack Revenue & Forecasts
6.2.1 By Region - Global Handheld Jack Revenue, 2017-2022
6.2.2 By Region - Global Handheld Jack Revenue, 2023-2028
6.2.3 By Region - Global Handheld Jack Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
6.3 By Region - Global Handheld Jack Sales & Forecasts
6.3.1 By Region - Global Handheld Jack Sales, 2017-2022
6.3.2 By Region - Global Handheld Jack Sales, 2023-2028
6.3.3 By Region - Global Handheld Jack Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
6.4 North America
6.4.1 By Country - North America Handheld Jack Revenue, 2017-2028
6.4.2 By Country - North America Handheld Jack Sales, 2017-2028
6.4.3 US Handheld Jack Market Size, 2017-2028
6.4.4 Canada Handheld Jack Market Size, 2017-2028
6.4.5 Mexico Handheld Jack Market Size, 2017-2028
6.5 Europe
6.5.1 By Country - Europe Handheld Jack Revenue, 2017-2028
6.5.2 By Country - Europe Handheld Jack Sales, 2017-2028
6.5.3 Germany Handheld Jack Market Size, 2017-2028
6.5.4 France Handheld Jack Market Size, 2017-2028
6.5.5 U.K. Handheld Jack Market Size, 2017-2028
6.5.6 Italy Handheld Jack Market Size, 2017-2028
6.5.7 Russia Handheld Jack Market Size, 2017-2028
6.5.8 Nordic Countries Handheld Jack Market Size, 2017-2028
6.5.9 Benelux Handheld Jack Market Size, 2017-2028
6.6 Asia
6.6.1 By Region - Asia Handheld Jack Revenue, 2017-2028
6.6.2 By Region - Asia Handheld Jack Sales, 2017-2028
6.6.3 China Handheld Jack Market Size, 2017-2028
6.6.4 Japan Handheld Jack Market Size, 2017-2028
6.6.5 South Korea Handheld Jack Market Size, 2017-2028
6.6.6 Southeast Asia Handheld Jack Market Size, 2017-2028
6.6.7 India Handheld Jack Market Size, 2017-2028
6.7 South America
6.7.1 By Country - South America Handheld Jack Revenue, 2017-2028
6.7.2 By Country - South America Handheld Jack Sales, 2017-2028
6.7.3 Brazil Handheld Jack Market Size, 2017-2028
6.7.4 Argentina Handheld Jack Market Size, 2017-2028
6.8 Middle East & Africa
6.8.1 By Country - Middle East & Africa Handheld Jack Revenue, 2017-2028
6.8.2 By Country - Middle East & Africa Handheld Jack Sales, 2017-2028
6.8.3 Turkey Handheld Jack Market Size, 2017-2028
6.8.4 Israel Handheld Jack Market Size, 2017-2028
6.8.5 Saudi Arabia Handheld Jack Market Size, 2017-2028
6.8.6 UAE Handheld Jack Market Size, 2017-2028
7 Manufacturers & Brands Profiles
7.1 AUTOPSTENHOJ
7.1.1 AUTOPSTENHOJ Corporate Summary
7.1.2 AUTOPSTENHOJ Business Overview
7.1.3 AUTOPSTENHOJ Handheld Jack Major Product Offerings
7.1.4 AUTOPSTENHOJ Handheld Jack Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
7.1.5 AUTOPSTENHOJ Key News
7.2 CAP
7.2.1 CAP Corporate Summary
7.2.2 CAP Business Overview
7.2.3 CAP Handheld Jack Major Product Offerings
7.2.4 CAP Handheld Jack Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
7.2.5 CAP Key News
7.3 Cftmak Sanayi ve Ticaret
7.3.1 Cftmak Sanayi ve Ticaret Corporate Summary
7.3.2 Cftmak Sanayi ve Ticaret Business Overview
7.3.3 Cftmak Sanayi ve Ticaret Handheld Jack Major Product Offerings
7.3.4 Cftmak Sanayi ve Ticaret Handheld Jack Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
7.3.5 Cftmak Sanayi ve Ticaret Key News
7.4 Dino Paoli Srl
7.4.1 Dino Paoli Srl Corporate Summary
7.4.2 Dino Paoli Srl Business Overview
7.4.3 Dino Paoli Srl Handheld Jack Major Product Offerings
7.4.4 Dino Paoli Srl Handheld Jack Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
7.4.5 Dino Paoli Srl Key News
7.5 ENERPAC
7.5.1 ENERPAC Corporate Summary
7.5.2 ENERPAC Business Overview
7.5.3 ENERPAC Handheld Jack Major Product Offerings
7.5.4 ENERPAC Handheld Jack Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
7.5.5 ENERPAC Key News
7.6 GRIPHOLD ENGINEERING
7.6.1 GRIPHOLD ENGINEERING Corporate Summary
7.6.2 GRIPHOLD ENGINEERING Business Overview
7.6.3 GRIPHOLD ENGINEERING Handheld Jack Major Product Offerings
7.6.4 GRIPHOLD ENGINEERING Handheld Jack Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
7.6.5 GRIPHOLD ENGINEERING Key News
7.7 Haacon Hebetechnik GmbH
7.7.1 Haacon Hebetechnik GmbH Corporate Summary
7.7.2 Haacon Hebetechnik GmbH Business Overview
7.7.3 Haacon Hebetechnik GmbH Handheld Jack Major Product Offerings
7.7.4 Haacon Hebetechnik GmbH Handheld Jack Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
7.7.5 Haacon Hebetechnik GmbH Key News
7.8 HYDR'AM
7.8.1 HYDR'AM Corporate Summary
7.8.2 HYDR'AM Business Overview
7.8.3 HYDR'AM Handheld Jack Major Product Offerings
7.8.4 HYDR'AM Handheld Jack Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
7.8.5 HYDR'AM Key News
7.9 OLMEC
7.9.1 OLMEC Corporate Summary
7.9.2 OLMEC Business Overview
7.9.3 OLMEC Handheld Jack Major Product Offerings
7.9.4 OLMEC Handheld Jack Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
7.9.5 OLMEC Key News
7.10 RIMA SPA
7.10.1 RIMA SPA Corporate Summary
7.10.2 RIMA SPA Business Overview
7.10.3 RIMA SPA Handheld Jack Major Product Offerings
7.10.4 RIMA SPA Handheld Jack Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
7.10.5 RIMA SPA Key News
7.11 Zinko Hydraulic Jack
7.11.1 Zinko Hydraulic Jack Corporate Summary
7.11.2 Zinko Hydraulic Jack Handheld Jack Business Overview
7.11.3 Zinko Hydraulic Jack Handheld Jack Major Product Offerings
7.11.4 Zinko Hydraulic Jack Handheld Jack Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
7.11.5 Zinko Hydraulic Jack Key News
7.12 Carl Stahl
7.12.1 Carl Stahl Corporate Summary
7.12.2 Carl Stahl Handheld Jack Business Overview
7.12.3 Carl Stahl Handheld Jack Major Product Offerings
7.12.4 Carl Stahl Handheld Jack Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
7.12.5 Carl Stahl Key News
7.13 Holmatro Industrial Equipment
7.13.1 Holmatro Industrial Equipment Corporate Summary
7.13.2 Holmatro Industrial Equipment Handheld Jack Business Overview
7.13.3 Holmatro Industrial Equipment Handheld Jack Major Product Offerings
7.13.4 Holmatro Industrial Equipment Handheld Jack Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
7.13.5 Holmatro Industrial Equipment Key News
8 Global Handheld Jack Production Capacity, Analysis
8.1 Global Handheld Jack Production Capacity, 2017-2028
8.2 Handheld Jack Production Capacity of Key Manufacturers in Global Market
8.3 Global Handheld Jack Production by Region
9 Key Market Trends, Opportunity, Drivers and Restraints
9.1 Market Opportunities & Trends
9.2 Market Drivers
9.3 Market Restraints
10 Handheld Jack Supply Chain Analysis
10.1 Handheld Jack Industry Value Chain
10.2 Handheld Jack Upstream Market
10.3 Handheld Jack Downstream and Clients
10.4 Marketing Channels Analysis
10.4.1 Marketing Channels
10.4.2 Handheld Jack Distributors and Sales Agents in Global
11 Conclusion
12 Appendix
12.1 Note
12.2 Examples of Clients
12.3 Disclaimer
List of Tables
Table 1. Key Players of Handheld Jack in Global Market
Table 2. Top Handheld Jack Players in Global Market, Ranking by Revenue (2021)
Table 3. Global Handheld Jack Revenue by Companies, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 4. Global Handheld Jack Revenue Share by Companies, 2017-2022
Table 5. Global Handheld Jack Sales by Companies, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 6. Global Handheld Jack Sales Share by Companies, 2017-2022
Table 7. Key Manufacturers Handheld Jack Price (2017-2022) & (USD/Unit)
Table 8. Global Manufacturers Handheld Jack Product Type
Table 9. List of Global Tier 1 Handheld Jack Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2021 and Market Share
Table 10. List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Handheld Jack Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2021 and Market Share
Table 11. By Type ? Global Handheld Jack Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2021 & 2028
Table 12. By Type - Global Handheld Jack Revenue (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 13. By Type - Global Handheld Jack Revenue (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 14. By Type - Global Handheld Jack Sales (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 15. By Type - Global Handheld Jack Sales (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 16. By Application ? Global Handheld Jack Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2021 & 2028
Table 17. By Application - Global Handheld Jack Revenue (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 18. By Application - Global Handheld Jack Revenue (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 19. By Application - Global Handheld Jack Sales (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 20. By Application - Global Handheld Jack Sales (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 21. By Region ? Global Handheld Jack Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2021 VS 2028
Table 22. By Region - Global Handheld Jack Revenue (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 23. By Region - Global Handheld Jack Revenue (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 24. By Region - Global Handheld Jack Sales (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 25. By Region - Global Handheld Jack Sales (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 26. By Country - North America Handheld Jack Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 27. By Country - North America Handheld Jack Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 28. By Country - North America Handheld Jack Sales, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 29. By Country - North America Handheld Jack Sales, (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 30. By Country - Europe Handheld Jack Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 31. By Country - Europe Handheld Jack Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 32. By Country - Europe Handheld Jack Sales, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 33. By Country - Europe Handheld Jack Sales, (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 34. By Region - Asia Handheld Jack Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 35. By Region - Asia Handheld Jack Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 36. By Region - Asia Handheld Jack Sales, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 37. By Region - Asia Handheld Jack Sales, (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 38. By Country - South America Handheld Jack Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 39. By Country - South America Handheld Jack Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 40. By Country - South America Handheld Jack Sales, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 41. By Country - South America Handheld Jack Sales, (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 42. By Country - Middle East & Africa Handheld Jack Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 43. By Country - Middle East & Africa Handheld Jack Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 44. By Country - Middle East & Africa Handheld Jack Sales, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 45. By Country - Middle East & Africa Handheld Jack Sales, (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 46. AUTOPSTENHOJ Corporate Summary
Table 47. AUTOPSTENHOJ Handheld Jack Product Offerings
Table 48. AUTOPSTENHOJ Handheld Jack Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 49. CAP Corporate Summary
Table 50. CAP Handheld Jack Product Offerings
Table 51. CAP Handheld Jack Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 52. Cftmak Sanayi ve Ticaret Corporate Summary
Table 53. Cftmak Sanayi ve Ticaret Handheld Jack Product Offerings
Table 54. Cftmak Sanayi ve Ticaret Handheld Jack Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 55. Dino Paoli Srl Corporate Summary
Table 56. Dino Paoli Srl Handheld Jack Product Offerings
Table 57. Dino Paoli Srl Handheld Jack Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 58. ENERPAC Corporate Summary
Table 59. ENERPAC Handheld Jack Product Offerings
Table 60. ENERPAC Handheld Jack Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 61. GRIPHOLD ENGINEERING Corporate Summary
Table 62. GRIPHOLD ENGINEERING Handheld Jack Product Offerings
Table 63. GRIPHOLD ENGINEERING Handheld Jack Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 64. Haacon Hebetechnik GmbH Corporate Summary
Table 65. Haacon Hebetechnik GmbH Handheld Jack Product Offerings
Table 66. Haacon Hebetechnik GmbH Handheld Jack Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 67. HYDR'AM Corporate Summary
Table 68. HYDR'AM Handheld Jack Product Offerings
Table 69. HYDR'AM Handheld Jack Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 70. OLMEC Corporate Summary
Table 71. OLMEC Handheld Jack Product Offerings
Table 72. OLMEC Handheld Jack Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 73. RIMA SPA Corporate Summary
Table 74. RIMA SPA Handheld Jack Product Offerings
Table 75. RIMA SPA Handheld Jack Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 76. Zinko Hydraulic Jack Corporate Summary
Table 77. Zinko Hydraulic Jack Handheld Jack Product Offerings
Table 78. Zinko Hydraulic Jack Handheld Jack Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 79. Carl Stahl Corporate Summary
Table 80. Carl Stahl Handheld Jack Product Offerings
Table 81. Carl Stahl Handheld Jack Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 82. Holmatro Industrial Equipment Corporate Summary
Table 83. Holmatro Industrial Equipment Handheld Jack Product Offerings
Table 84. Holmatro Industrial Equipment Handheld Jack Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 85. Handheld Jack Production Capacity (K Units) of Key Manufacturers in Global Market, 2020-2022 (K Units)
Table 86. Global Handheld Jack Capacity Market Share of Key Manufacturers, 2020-2022
Table 87. Global Handheld Jack Production by Region, 2017-2022 (K Units)
Table 88. Global Handheld Jack Production by Region, 2023-2028 (K Units)
Table 89. Handheld Jack Market Opportunities & Trends in Global Market
Table 90. Handheld Jack Market Drivers in Global Market
Table 91. Handheld Jack Market Restraints in Global Market
Table 92. Handheld Jack Raw Materials
Table 93. Handheld Jack Raw Materials Suppliers in Global Market
Table 94. Typical Handheld Jack Downstream
Table 95. Handheld Jack Downstream Clients in Global Market
Table 96. Handheld Jack Distributors and Sales Agents in Global Market
List of Figures
Figure 1. Handheld Jack Segment by Type
Figure 2. Handheld Jack Segment by Application
Figure 3. Global Handheld Jack Market Overview: 2020
Figure 4. Key Caveats
Figure 5. Global Handheld Jack Market Size: 2021 VS 2028 (US$, Mn)
Figure 6. Global Handheld Jack Revenue, 2017-2028 (US$, Mn)
Figure 7. Handheld Jack Sales in Global Market: 2017-2028 (K Units)
Figure 8. The Top 3 and 5 Players Market Share by Handheld Jack Revenue in 2021
Figure 9. By Type - Global Handheld Jack Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 10. By Type - Global Handheld Jack Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 11. By Type - Global Handheld Jack Price (USD/Unit), 2017-2028
Figure 12. By Application - Global Handheld Jack Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 13. By Application - Global Handheld Jack Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 14. By Application - Global Handheld Jack Price (USD/Unit), 2017-2028
Figure 15. By Region - Global Handheld Jack Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 16. By Region - Global Handheld Jack Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 17. By Country - North America Handheld Jack Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 18. By Country - North America Handheld Jack Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 19. US Handheld Jack Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 20. Canada Handheld Jack Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 21. Mexico Handheld Jack Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 22. By Country - Europe Handheld Jack Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 23. By Country - Europe Handheld Jack Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 24. Germany Handheld Jack Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 25. France Handheld Jack Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 26. U.K. Handheld Jack Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 27. Italy Handheld Jack Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 28. Russia Handheld Jack Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 29. Nordic Countries Handheld Jack Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 30. Benelux Handheld Jack Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 31. By Region - Asia Handheld Jack Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 32. By Region - Asia Handheld Jack Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 33. China Handheld Jack Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 34. Japan Handheld Jack Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 35. South Korea Handheld Jack Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 36. Southeast Asia Handheld Jack Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 37. India Handheld Jack Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 38. By Country - South America Handheld Jack Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 39. By Country - South America Handheld Jack Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 40. Brazil Handheld Jack Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 41. Argentina Handheld Jack Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 42. By Country - Middle East & Africa Handheld Jack Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 43. By Country - Middle East & Africa Handheld Jack Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 44. Turkey Handheld Jack Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 45. Israel Handheld Jack Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 46. Saudi Arabia Handheld Jack Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 47. UAE Handheld Jack Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 48. Global Handheld Jack Production Capacity (K Units), 2017-2028
Figure 49. The Percentage of Production Handheld Jack by Region, 2020 VS 2027
Figure 50. Handheld Jack Industry Value Chain
Figure 51. Marketing Channels