Exercise Bicycle and Forecast Market
1 Introduction to Research & Analysis Reports
1.1 Exercise Bicycle Market Definition
1.2 Market Segments
1.2.1 Market by Type
1.2.2 Market by Application
1.3 Global Exercise Bicycle Market Overview
1.4 Features & Benefits of This Report
1.5 Methodology & Sources of Information
1.5.1 Research Methodology
1.5.2 Research Process
1.5.3 Base Year
1.5.4 Report Assumptions & Caveats
2 Global Exercise Bicycle Overall Market Size
2.1 Global Exercise Bicycle Market Size: 2022 VS 2030
2.2 Global Exercise Bicycle Revenue, Prospects & Forecasts: 2018-2030
2.3 Global Exercise Bicycle Sales: 2018-2030
3 Company Landscape
3.1 Top Exercise Bicycle Players in Global Market
3.2 Top Global Exercise Bicycle Companies Ranked by Revenue
3.3 Global Exercise Bicycle Revenue by Companies
3.4 Global Exercise Bicycle Sales by Companies
3.5 Global Exercise Bicycle Price by Manufacturer (2018-2023)
3.6 Top 3 and Top 5 Exercise Bicycle Companies in Global Market, by Revenue in 2022
3.7 Global Manufacturers Exercise Bicycle Product Type
3.8 Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 Exercise Bicycle Players in Global Market
3.8.1 List of Global Tier 1 Exercise Bicycle Companies
3.8.2 List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Exercise Bicycle Companies
4 Sights by Product
4.1 Overview
4.1.1 By Type - Global Exercise Bicycle Market Size Markets, 2022 & 2030
4.1.2 Upright Exercise Bicycle
4.1.3 Recumbent Exercise Bicycle
4.2 By Type - Global Exercise Bicycle Revenue & Forecasts
4.2.1 By Type - Global Exercise Bicycle Revenue, 2018-2023
4.2.2 By Type - Global Exercise Bicycle Revenue, 2024-2030
4.2.3 By Type - Global Exercise Bicycle Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
4.3 By Type - Global Exercise Bicycle Sales & Forecasts
4.3.1 By Type - Global Exercise Bicycle Sales, 2018-2023
4.3.2 By Type - Global Exercise Bicycle Sales, 2024-2030
4.3.3 By Type - Global Exercise Bicycle Sales Market Share, 2018-2030
4.4 By Type - Global Exercise Bicycle Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2018-2030
5 Sights by Application
5.1 Overview
5.1.1 By Application - Global Exercise Bicycle Market Size, 2022 & 2030
5.1.2 Gym
5.1.3 Households
5.1.4 Others
5.2 By Application - Global Exercise Bicycle Revenue & Forecasts
5.2.1 By Application - Global Exercise Bicycle Revenue, 2018-2023
5.2.2 By Application - Global Exercise Bicycle Revenue, 2024-2030
5.2.3 By Application - Global Exercise Bicycle Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
5.3 By Application - Global Exercise Bicycle Sales & Forecasts
5.3.1 By Application - Global Exercise Bicycle Sales, 2018-2023
5.3.2 By Application - Global Exercise Bicycle Sales, 2024-2030
5.3.3 By Application - Global Exercise Bicycle Sales Market Share, 2018-2030
5.4 By Application - Global Exercise Bicycle Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2018-2030
6 Sights by Region
6.1 By Region - Global Exercise Bicycle Market Size, 2022 & 2030
6.2 By Region - Global Exercise Bicycle Revenue & Forecasts
6.2.1 By Region - Global Exercise Bicycle Revenue, 2018-2023
6.2.2 By Region - Global Exercise Bicycle Revenue, 2024-2030
6.2.3 By Region - Global Exercise Bicycle Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
6.3 By Region - Global Exercise Bicycle Sales & Forecasts
6.3.1 By Region - Global Exercise Bicycle Sales, 2018-2023
6.3.2 By Region - Global Exercise Bicycle Sales, 2024-2030
6.3.3 By Region - Global Exercise Bicycle Sales Market Share, 2018-2030
6.4 North America
6.4.1 By Country - North America Exercise Bicycle Revenue, 2018-2030
6.4.2 By Country - North America Exercise Bicycle Sales, 2018-2030
6.4.3 US Exercise Bicycle Market Size, 2018-2030
6.4.4 Canada Exercise Bicycle Market Size, 2018-2030
6.4.5 Mexico Exercise Bicycle Market Size, 2018-2030
6.5 Europe
6.5.1 By Country - Europe Exercise Bicycle Revenue, 2018-2030
6.5.2 By Country - Europe Exercise Bicycle Sales, 2018-2030
6.5.3 Germany Exercise Bicycle Market Size, 2018-2030
6.5.4 France Exercise Bicycle Market Size, 2018-2030
6.5.5 U.K. Exercise Bicycle Market Size, 2018-2030
6.5.6 Italy Exercise Bicycle Market Size, 2018-2030
6.5.7 Russia Exercise Bicycle Market Size, 2018-2030
6.5.8 Nordic Countries Exercise Bicycle Market Size, 2018-2030
6.5.9 Benelux Exercise Bicycle Market Size, 2018-2030
6.6 Asia
6.6.1 By Region - Asia Exercise Bicycle Revenue, 2018-2030
6.6.2 By Region - Asia Exercise Bicycle Sales, 2018-2030
6.6.3 China Exercise Bicycle Market Size, 2018-2030
6.6.4 Japan Exercise Bicycle Market Size, 2018-2030
6.6.5 South Korea Exercise Bicycle Market Size, 2018-2030
6.6.6 Southeast Asia Exercise Bicycle Market Size, 2018-2030
6.6.7 India Exercise Bicycle Market Size, 2018-2030
6.7 South America
6.7.1 By Country - South America Exercise Bicycle Revenue, 2018-2030
6.7.2 By Country - South America Exercise Bicycle Sales, 2018-2030
6.7.3 Brazil Exercise Bicycle Market Size, 2018-2030
6.7.4 Argentina Exercise Bicycle Market Size, 2018-2030
6.8 Middle East & Africa
6.8.1 By Country - Middle East & Africa Exercise Bicycle Revenue, 2018-2030
6.8.2 By Country - Middle East & Africa Exercise Bicycle Sales, 2018-2030
6.8.3 Turkey Exercise Bicycle Market Size, 2018-2030
6.8.4 Israel Exercise Bicycle Market Size, 2018-2030
6.8.5 Saudi Arabia Exercise Bicycle Market Size, 2018-2030
6.8.6 UAE Exercise Bicycle Market Size, 2018-2030
7 Manufacturers & Brands Profiles
7.1 Brunswick
7.1.1 Brunswick Company Summary
7.1.2 Brunswick Business Overview
7.1.3 Brunswick Exercise Bicycle Major Product Offerings
7.1.4 Brunswick Exercise Bicycle Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.1.5 Brunswick Key News & Latest Developments
7.2 ICON Health & Fitness
7.2.1 ICON Health & Fitness Company Summary
7.2.2 ICON Health & Fitness Business Overview
7.2.3 ICON Health & Fitness Exercise Bicycle Major Product Offerings
7.2.4 ICON Health & Fitness Exercise Bicycle Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.2.5 ICON Health & Fitness Key News & Latest Developments
7.3 Nautilus
7.3.1 Nautilus Company Summary
7.3.2 Nautilus Business Overview
7.3.3 Nautilus Exercise Bicycle Major Product Offerings
7.3.4 Nautilus Exercise Bicycle Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.3.5 Nautilus Key News & Latest Developments
7.4 Precor
7.4.1 Precor Company Summary
7.4.2 Precor Business Overview
7.4.3 Precor Exercise Bicycle Major Product Offerings
7.4.4 Precor Exercise Bicycle Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.4.5 Precor Key News & Latest Developments
7.5 Technogym
7.5.1 Technogym Company Summary
7.5.2 Technogym Business Overview
7.5.3 Technogym Exercise Bicycle Major Product Offerings
7.5.4 Technogym Exercise Bicycle Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.5.5 Technogym Key News & Latest Developments
7.6 Bladez Fitness
7.6.1 Bladez Fitness Company Summary
7.6.2 Bladez Fitness Business Overview
7.6.3 Bladez Fitness Exercise Bicycle Major Product Offerings
7.6.4 Bladez Fitness Exercise Bicycle Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.6.5 Bladez Fitness Key News & Latest Developments
7.7 Body-Solid
7.7.1 Body-Solid Company Summary
7.7.2 Body-Solid Business Overview
7.7.3 Body-Solid Exercise Bicycle Major Product Offerings
7.7.4 Body-Solid Exercise Bicycle Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.7.5 Body-Solid Key News & Latest Developments
7.8 Ciclotte
7.8.1 Ciclotte Company Summary
7.8.2 Ciclotte Business Overview
7.8.3 Ciclotte Exercise Bicycle Major Product Offerings
7.8.4 Ciclotte Exercise Bicycle Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.8.5 Ciclotte Key News & Latest Developments
7.9 Jerai Fitness
7.9.1 Jerai Fitness Company Summary
7.9.2 Jerai Fitness Business Overview
7.9.3 Jerai Fitness Exercise Bicycle Major Product Offerings
7.9.4 Jerai Fitness Exercise Bicycle Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.9.5 Jerai Fitness Key News & Latest Developments
7.10 Johnson Health Tech
7.10.1 Johnson Health Tech Company Summary
7.10.2 Johnson Health Tech Business Overview
7.10.3 Johnson Health Tech Exercise Bicycle Major Product Offerings
7.10.4 Johnson Health Tech Exercise Bicycle Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.10.5 Johnson Health Tech Key News & Latest Developments
7.11 Ketller
7.11.1 Ketller Company Summary
7.11.2 Ketller Exercise Bicycle Business Overview
7.11.3 Ketller Exercise Bicycle Major Product Offerings
7.11.4 Ketller Exercise Bicycle Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.11.5 Ketller Key News & Latest Developments
8 Global Exercise Bicycle Production Capacity, Analysis
8.1 Global Exercise Bicycle Production Capacity, 2018-2030
8.2 Exercise Bicycle Production Capacity of Key Manufacturers in Global Market
8.3 Global Exercise Bicycle Production by Region
9 Key Market Trends, Opportunity, Drivers and Restraints
9.1 Market Opportunities & Trends
9.2 Market Drivers
9.3 Market Restraints
10 Exercise Bicycle Supply Chain Analysis
10.1 Exercise Bicycle Industry Value Chain
10.2 Exercise Bicycle Upstream Market
10.3 Exercise Bicycle Downstream and Clients
10.4 Marketing Channels Analysis
10.4.1 Marketing Channels
10.4.2 Exercise Bicycle Distributors and Sales Agents in Global
11 Conclusion
12 Appendix
12.1 Note
12.2 Examples of Clients
12.3 Disclaimer
List of Tables
Table 1. Key Players of Exercise Bicycle in Global Market
Table 2. Top Exercise Bicycle Players in Global Market, Ranking by Revenue (2022)
Table 3. Global Exercise Bicycle Revenue by Companies, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 4. Global Exercise Bicycle Revenue Share by Companies, 2018-2023
Table 5. Global Exercise Bicycle Sales by Companies, (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 6. Global Exercise Bicycle Sales Share by Companies, 2018-2023
Table 7. Key Manufacturers Exercise Bicycle Price (2018-2023) & (USD/Unit)
Table 8. Global Manufacturers Exercise Bicycle Product Type
Table 9. List of Global Tier 1 Exercise Bicycle Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2022 and Market Share
Table 10. List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Exercise Bicycle Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2022 and Market Share
Table 11. By Type ? Global Exercise Bicycle Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2030
Table 12. By Type - Global Exercise Bicycle Revenue (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 13. By Type - Global Exercise Bicycle Revenue (US$, Mn), 2024-2030
Table 14. By Type - Global Exercise Bicycle Sales (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 15. By Type - Global Exercise Bicycle Sales (K Units), 2024-2030
Table 16. By Application ? Global Exercise Bicycle Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2030
Table 17. By Application - Global Exercise Bicycle Revenue (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 18. By Application - Global Exercise Bicycle Revenue (US$, Mn), 2024-2030
Table 19. By Application - Global Exercise Bicycle Sales (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 20. By Application - Global Exercise Bicycle Sales (K Units), 2024-2030
Table 21. By Region ? Global Exercise Bicycle Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 VS 2030
Table 22. By Region - Global Exercise Bicycle Revenue (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 23. By Region - Global Exercise Bicycle Revenue (US$, Mn), 2024-2030
Table 24. By Region - Global Exercise Bicycle Sales (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 25. By Region - Global Exercise Bicycle Sales (K Units), 2024-2030
Table 26. By Country - North America Exercise Bicycle Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 27. By Country - North America Exercise Bicycle Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2030
Table 28. By Country - North America Exercise Bicycle Sales, (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 29. By Country - North America Exercise Bicycle Sales, (K Units), 2024-2030
Table 30. By Country - Europe Exercise Bicycle Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 31. By Country - Europe Exercise Bicycle Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2030
Table 32. By Country - Europe Exercise Bicycle Sales, (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 33. By Country - Europe Exercise Bicycle Sales, (K Units), 2024-2030
Table 34. By Region - Asia Exercise Bicycle Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 35. By Region - Asia Exercise Bicycle Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2030
Table 36. By Region - Asia Exercise Bicycle Sales, (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 37. By Region - Asia Exercise Bicycle Sales, (K Units), 2024-2030
Table 38. By Country - South America Exercise Bicycle Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 39. By Country - South America Exercise Bicycle Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2030
Table 40. By Country - South America Exercise Bicycle Sales, (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 41. By Country - South America Exercise Bicycle Sales, (K Units), 2024-2030
Table 42. By Country - Middle East & Africa Exercise Bicycle Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 43. By Country - Middle East & Africa Exercise Bicycle Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2030
Table 44. By Country - Middle East & Africa Exercise Bicycle Sales, (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 45. By Country - Middle East & Africa Exercise Bicycle Sales, (K Units), 2024-2030
Table 46. Brunswick Company Summary
Table 47. Brunswick Exercise Bicycle Product Offerings
Table 48. Brunswick Exercise Bicycle Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 49. Brunswick Key News & Latest Developments
Table 50. ICON Health & Fitness Company Summary
Table 51. ICON Health & Fitness Exercise Bicycle Product Offerings
Table 52. ICON Health & Fitness Exercise Bicycle Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 53. ICON Health & Fitness Key News & Latest Developments
Table 54. Nautilus Company Summary
Table 55. Nautilus Exercise Bicycle Product Offerings
Table 56. Nautilus Exercise Bicycle Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 57. Nautilus Key News & Latest Developments
Table 58. Precor Company Summary
Table 59. Precor Exercise Bicycle Product Offerings
Table 60. Precor Exercise Bicycle Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 61. Precor Key News & Latest Developments
Table 62. Technogym Company Summary
Table 63. Technogym Exercise Bicycle Product Offerings
Table 64. Technogym Exercise Bicycle Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 65. Technogym Key News & Latest Developments
Table 66. Bladez Fitness Company Summary
Table 67. Bladez Fitness Exercise Bicycle Product Offerings
Table 68. Bladez Fitness Exercise Bicycle Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 69. Bladez Fitness Key News & Latest Developments
Table 70. Body-Solid Company Summary
Table 71. Body-Solid Exercise Bicycle Product Offerings
Table 72. Body-Solid Exercise Bicycle Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 73. Body-Solid Key News & Latest Developments
Table 74. Ciclotte Company Summary
Table 75. Ciclotte Exercise Bicycle Product Offerings
Table 76. Ciclotte Exercise Bicycle Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 77. Ciclotte Key News & Latest Developments
Table 78. Jerai Fitness Company Summary
Table 79. Jerai Fitness Exercise Bicycle Product Offerings
Table 80. Jerai Fitness Exercise Bicycle Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 81. Jerai Fitness Key News & Latest Developments
Table 82. Johnson Health Tech Company Summary
Table 83. Johnson Health Tech Exercise Bicycle Product Offerings
Table 84. Johnson Health Tech Exercise Bicycle Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 85. Johnson Health Tech Key News & Latest Developments
Table 86. Ketller Company Summary
Table 87. Ketller Exercise Bicycle Product Offerings
Table 88. Ketller Exercise Bicycle Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 89. Ketller Key News & Latest Developments
Table 90. Exercise Bicycle Production Capacity (K Units) of Key Manufacturers in Global Market, 2021-2023 (K Units)
Table 91. Global Exercise Bicycle Capacity Market Share of Key Manufacturers, 2021-2023
Table 92. Global Exercise Bicycle Production by Region, 2018-2023 (K Units)
Table 93. Global Exercise Bicycle Production by Region, 2024-2030 (K Units)
Table 94. Exercise Bicycle Market Opportunities & Trends in Global Market
Table 95. Exercise Bicycle Market Drivers in Global Market
Table 96. Exercise Bicycle Market Restraints in Global Market
Table 97. Exercise Bicycle Raw Materials
Table 98. Exercise Bicycle Raw Materials Suppliers in Global Market
Table 99. Typical Exercise Bicycle Downstream
Table 100. Exercise Bicycle Downstream Clients in Global Market
Table 101. Exercise Bicycle Distributors and Sales Agents in Global Market
List of Figures
Figure 1. Exercise Bicycle Segment by Type in 2022
Figure 2. Exercise Bicycle Segment by Application in 2022
Figure 3. Global Exercise Bicycle Market Overview: 2022
Figure 4. Key Caveats
Figure 5. Global Exercise Bicycle Market Size: 2022 VS 2030 (US$, Mn)
Figure 6. Global Exercise Bicycle Revenue, 2018-2030 (US$, Mn)
Figure 7. Exercise Bicycle Sales in Global Market: 2018-2030 (K Units)
Figure 8. The Top 3 and 5 Players Market Share by Exercise Bicycle Revenue in 2022
Figure 9. By Type - Global Exercise Bicycle Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2030
Figure 10. By Type - Global Exercise Bicycle Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 11. By Type - Global Exercise Bicycle Sales Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 12. By Type - Global Exercise Bicycle Price (USD/Unit), 2018-2030
Figure 13. By Application - Global Exercise Bicycle Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2030
Figure 14. By Application - Global Exercise Bicycle Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 15. By Application - Global Exercise Bicycle Sales Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 16. By Application - Global Exercise Bicycle Price (USD/Unit), 2018-2030
Figure 17. By Region - Global Exercise Bicycle Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2030
Figure 18. By Region - Global Exercise Bicycle Revenue Market Share, 2018 VS 2022 VS 2030
Figure 19. By Region - Global Exercise Bicycle Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 20. By Region - Global Exercise Bicycle Sales Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 21. By Country - North America Exercise Bicycle Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 22. By Country - North America Exercise Bicycle Sales Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 23. US Exercise Bicycle Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 24. Canada Exercise Bicycle Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 25. Mexico Exercise Bicycle Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 26. By Country - Europe Exercise Bicycle Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 27. By Country - Europe Exercise Bicycle Sales Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 28. Germany Exercise Bicycle Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 29. France Exercise Bicycle Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 30. U.K. Exercise Bicycle Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 31. Italy Exercise Bicycle Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 32. Russia Exercise Bicycle Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 33. Nordic Countries Exercise Bicycle Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 34. Benelux Exercise Bicycle Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 35. By Region - Asia Exercise Bicycle Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 36. By Region - Asia Exercise Bicycle Sales Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 37. China Exercise Bicycle Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 38. Japan Exercise Bicycle Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 39. South Korea Exercise Bicycle Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 40. Southeast Asia Exercise Bicycle Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 41. India Exercise Bicycle Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 42. By Country - South America Exercise Bicycle Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 43. By Country - South America Exercise Bicycle Sales Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 44. Brazil Exercise Bicycle Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 45. Argentina Exercise Bicycle Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 46. By Country - Middle East & Africa Exercise Bicycle Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 47. By Country - Middle East & Africa Exercise Bicycle Sales Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 48. Turkey Exercise Bicycle Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 49. Israel Exercise Bicycle Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 50. Saudi Arabia Exercise Bicycle Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 51. UAE Exercise Bicycle Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 52. Global Exercise Bicycle Production Capacity (K Units), 2018-2030
Figure 53. The Percentage of Production Exercise Bicycle by Region, 2022 VS 2030
Figure 54. Exercise Bicycle Industry Value Chain
Figure 55. Marketing Channels