Natural Lutein and Forecast Market
1 Introduction to Research & Analysis Reports
1.1 Natural Lutein Market Definition
1.2 Market Segments
1.2.1 Market by Type
1.2.2 Market by Application
1.3 Global Natural Lutein Market Overview
1.4 Features & Benefits of This Report
1.5 Methodology & Sources of Information
1.5.1 Research Methodology
1.5.2 Research Process
1.5.3 Base Year
1.5.4 Report Assumptions & Caveats
2 Global Natural Lutein Overall Market Size
2.1 Global Natural Lutein Market Size: 2022 VS 2030
2.2 Global Natural Lutein Revenue, Prospects & Forecasts: 2018-2030
2.3 Global Natural Lutein Sales: 2018-2030
3 Company Landscape
3.1 Top Natural Lutein Players in Global Market
3.2 Top Global Natural Lutein Companies Ranked by Revenue
3.3 Global Natural Lutein Revenue by Companies
3.4 Global Natural Lutein Sales by Companies
3.5 Global Natural Lutein Price by Manufacturer (2018-2023)
3.6 Top 3 and Top 5 Natural Lutein Companies in Global Market, by Revenue in 2022
3.7 Global Manufacturers Natural Lutein Product Type
3.8 Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 Natural Lutein Players in Global Market
3.8.1 List of Global Tier 1 Natural Lutein Companies
3.8.2 List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Natural Lutein Companies
4 Sights by Product
4.1 Overview
4.1.1 By Type - Global Natural Lutein Market Size Markets, 2022 & 2030
4.1.2 Powder & crystalline
4.1.3 Beadlet
4.1.4 Oil suspension
4.1.5 Emulsion
4.2 By Type - Global Natural Lutein Revenue & Forecasts
4.2.1 By Type - Global Natural Lutein Revenue, 2018-2023
4.2.2 By Type - Global Natural Lutein Revenue, 2024-2030
4.2.3 By Type - Global Natural Lutein Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
4.3 By Type - Global Natural Lutein Sales & Forecasts
4.3.1 By Type - Global Natural Lutein Sales, 2018-2023
4.3.2 By Type - Global Natural Lutein Sales, 2024-2030
4.3.3 By Type - Global Natural Lutein Sales Market Share, 2018-2030
4.4 By Type - Global Natural Lutein Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2018-2030
5 Sights by Application
5.1 Overview
5.1.1 By Application - Global Natural Lutein Market Size, 2022 & 2030
5.1.2 Food
5.1.3 Beverages
5.1.4 Dietary supplements
5.1.5 Animal feed
5.1.6 Others
5.2 By Application - Global Natural Lutein Revenue & Forecasts
5.2.1 By Application - Global Natural Lutein Revenue, 2018-2023
5.2.2 By Application - Global Natural Lutein Revenue, 2024-2030
5.2.3 By Application - Global Natural Lutein Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
5.3 By Application - Global Natural Lutein Sales & Forecasts
5.3.1 By Application - Global Natural Lutein Sales, 2018-2023
5.3.2 By Application - Global Natural Lutein Sales, 2024-2030
5.3.3 By Application - Global Natural Lutein Sales Market Share, 2018-2030
5.4 By Application - Global Natural Lutein Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2018-2030
6 Sights by Region
6.1 By Region - Global Natural Lutein Market Size, 2022 & 2030
6.2 By Region - Global Natural Lutein Revenue & Forecasts
6.2.1 By Region - Global Natural Lutein Revenue, 2018-2023
6.2.2 By Region - Global Natural Lutein Revenue, 2024-2030
6.2.3 By Region - Global Natural Lutein Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
6.3 By Region - Global Natural Lutein Sales & Forecasts
6.3.1 By Region - Global Natural Lutein Sales, 2018-2023
6.3.2 By Region - Global Natural Lutein Sales, 2024-2030
6.3.3 By Region - Global Natural Lutein Sales Market Share, 2018-2030
6.4 North America
6.4.1 By Country - North America Natural Lutein Revenue, 2018-2030
6.4.2 By Country - North America Natural Lutein Sales, 2018-2030
6.4.3 US Natural Lutein Market Size, 2018-2030
6.4.4 Canada Natural Lutein Market Size, 2018-2030
6.4.5 Mexico Natural Lutein Market Size, 2018-2030
6.5 Europe
6.5.1 By Country - Europe Natural Lutein Revenue, 2018-2030
6.5.2 By Country - Europe Natural Lutein Sales, 2018-2030
6.5.3 Germany Natural Lutein Market Size, 2018-2030
6.5.4 France Natural Lutein Market Size, 2018-2030
6.5.5 U.K. Natural Lutein Market Size, 2018-2030
6.5.6 Italy Natural Lutein Market Size, 2018-2030
6.5.7 Russia Natural Lutein Market Size, 2018-2030
6.5.8 Nordic Countries Natural Lutein Market Size, 2018-2030
6.5.9 Benelux Natural Lutein Market Size, 2018-2030
6.6 Asia
6.6.1 By Region - Asia Natural Lutein Revenue, 2018-2030
6.6.2 By Region - Asia Natural Lutein Sales, 2018-2030
6.6.3 China Natural Lutein Market Size, 2018-2030
6.6.4 Japan Natural Lutein Market Size, 2018-2030
6.6.5 South Korea Natural Lutein Market Size, 2018-2030
6.6.6 Southeast Asia Natural Lutein Market Size, 2018-2030
6.6.7 India Natural Lutein Market Size, 2018-2030
6.7 South America
6.7.1 By Country - South America Natural Lutein Revenue, 2018-2030
6.7.2 By Country - South America Natural Lutein Sales, 2018-2030
6.7.3 Brazil Natural Lutein Market Size, 2018-2030
6.7.4 Argentina Natural Lutein Market Size, 2018-2030
6.8 Middle East & Africa
6.8.1 By Country - Middle East & Africa Natural Lutein Revenue, 2018-2030
6.8.2 By Country - Middle East & Africa Natural Lutein Sales, 2018-2030
6.8.3 Turkey Natural Lutein Market Size, 2018-2030
6.8.4 Israel Natural Lutein Market Size, 2018-2030
6.8.5 Saudi Arabia Natural Lutein Market Size, 2018-2030
6.8.6 UAE Natural Lutein Market Size, 2018-2030
7 Manufacturers & Brands Profiles
7.1 BASF (Germany)
7.1.1 BASF (Germany) Company Summary
7.1.2 BASF (Germany) Business Overview
7.1.3 BASF (Germany) Natural Lutein Major Product Offerings
7.1.4 BASF (Germany) Natural Lutein Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.1.5 BASF (Germany) Key News & Latest Developments
7.2 Chr. Hansen (Denmark)
7.2.1 Chr. Hansen (Denmark) Company Summary
7.2.2 Chr. Hansen (Denmark) Business Overview
7.2.3 Chr. Hansen (Denmark) Natural Lutein Major Product Offerings
7.2.4 Chr. Hansen (Denmark) Natural Lutein Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.2.5 Chr. Hansen (Denmark) Key News & Latest Developments
7.3 E.I.D. Parry (India)
7.3.1 E.I.D. Parry (India) Company Summary
7.3.2 E.I.D. Parry (India) Business Overview
7.3.3 E.I.D. Parry (India) Natural Lutein Major Product Offerings
7.3.4 E.I.D. Parry (India) Natural Lutein Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.3.5 E.I.D. Parry (India) Key News & Latest Developments
7.4 Kemin (US)
7.4.1 Kemin (US) Company Summary
7.4.2 Kemin (US) Business Overview
7.4.3 Kemin (US) Natural Lutein Major Product Offerings
7.4.4 Kemin (US) Natural Lutein Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.4.5 Kemin (US) Key News & Latest Developments
7.5 Zhejiang Medicine (China)
7.5.1 Zhejiang Medicine (China) Company Summary
7.5.2 Zhejiang Medicine (China) Business Overview
7.5.3 Zhejiang Medicine (China) Natural Lutein Major Product Offerings
7.5.4 Zhejiang Medicine (China) Natural Lutein Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.5.5 Zhejiang Medicine (China) Key News & Latest Developments
7.6 DDW The Color House. (US)
7.6.1 DDW The Color House. (US) Company Summary
7.6.2 DDW The Color House. (US) Business Overview
7.6.3 DDW The Color House. (US) Natural Lutein Major Product Offerings
7.6.4 DDW The Color House. (US) Natural Lutein Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.6.5 DDW The Color House. (US) Key News & Latest Developments
7.7 Dohler (Germany)
7.7.1 Dohler (Germany) Company Summary
7.7.2 Dohler (Germany) Business Overview
7.7.3 Dohler (Germany) Natural Lutein Major Product Offerings
7.7.4 Dohler (Germany) Natural Lutein Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.7.5 Dohler (Germany) Key News & Latest Developments
7.8 Lycored (Israel)
7.8.1 Lycored (Israel) Company Summary
7.8.2 Lycored (Israel) Business Overview
7.8.3 Lycored (Israel) Natural Lutein Major Product Offerings
7.8.4 Lycored (Israel) Natural Lutein Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.8.5 Lycored (Israel) Key News & Latest Developments
7.9 PIVEG (US)
7.9.1 PIVEG (US) Company Summary
7.9.2 PIVEG (US) Business Overview
7.9.3 PIVEG (US) Natural Lutein Major Product Offerings
7.9.4 PIVEG (US) Natural Lutein Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.9.5 PIVEG (US) Key News & Latest Developments
7.10 Allied Biotech (Taiwan)
7.10.1 Allied Biotech (Taiwan) Company Summary
7.10.2 Allied Biotech (Taiwan) Business Overview
7.10.3 Allied Biotech (Taiwan) Natural Lutein Major Product Offerings
7.10.4 Allied Biotech (Taiwan) Natural Lutein Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.10.5 Allied Biotech (Taiwan) Key News & Latest Developments
7.11 FENCHEM (China)
7.11.1 FENCHEM (China) Company Summary
7.11.2 FENCHEM (China) Natural Lutein Business Overview
7.11.3 FENCHEM (China) Natural Lutein Major Product Offerings
7.11.4 FENCHEM (China) Natural Lutein Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.11.5 FENCHEM (China) Key News & Latest Developments
8 Global Natural Lutein Production Capacity, Analysis
8.1 Global Natural Lutein Production Capacity, 2018-2030
8.2 Natural Lutein Production Capacity of Key Manufacturers in Global Market
8.3 Global Natural Lutein Production by Region
9 Key Market Trends, Opportunity, Drivers and Restraints
9.1 Market Opportunities & Trends
9.2 Market Drivers
9.3 Market Restraints
10 Natural Lutein Supply Chain Analysis
10.1 Natural Lutein Industry Value Chain
10.2 Natural Lutein Upstream Market
10.3 Natural Lutein Downstream and Clients
10.4 Marketing Channels Analysis
10.4.1 Marketing Channels
10.4.2 Natural Lutein Distributors and Sales Agents in Global
11 Conclusion
12 Appendix
12.1 Note
12.2 Examples of Clients
12.3 Disclaimer
List of Tables
Table 1. Key Players of Natural Lutein in Global Market
Table 2. Top Natural Lutein Players in Global Market, Ranking by Revenue (2022)
Table 3. Global Natural Lutein Revenue by Companies, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 4. Global Natural Lutein Revenue Share by Companies, 2018-2023
Table 5. Global Natural Lutein Sales by Companies, (K MT), 2018-2023
Table 6. Global Natural Lutein Sales Share by Companies, 2018-2023
Table 7. Key Manufacturers Natural Lutein Price (2018-2023) & (USD/MT)
Table 8. Global Manufacturers Natural Lutein Product Type
Table 9. List of Global Tier 1 Natural Lutein Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2022 and Market Share
Table 10. List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Natural Lutein Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2022 and Market Share
Table 11. By Type ? Global Natural Lutein Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2030
Table 12. By Type - Global Natural Lutein Revenue (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 13. By Type - Global Natural Lutein Revenue (US$, Mn), 2024-2030
Table 14. By Type - Global Natural Lutein Sales (K MT), 2018-2023
Table 15. By Type - Global Natural Lutein Sales (K MT), 2024-2030
Table 16. By Application ? Global Natural Lutein Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2030
Table 17. By Application - Global Natural Lutein Revenue (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 18. By Application - Global Natural Lutein Revenue (US$, Mn), 2024-2030
Table 19. By Application - Global Natural Lutein Sales (K MT), 2018-2023
Table 20. By Application - Global Natural Lutein Sales (K MT), 2024-2030
Table 21. By Region ? Global Natural Lutein Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 VS 2030
Table 22. By Region - Global Natural Lutein Revenue (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 23. By Region - Global Natural Lutein Revenue (US$, Mn), 2024-2030
Table 24. By Region - Global Natural Lutein Sales (K MT), 2018-2023
Table 25. By Region - Global Natural Lutein Sales (K MT), 2024-2030
Table 26. By Country - North America Natural Lutein Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 27. By Country - North America Natural Lutein Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2030
Table 28. By Country - North America Natural Lutein Sales, (K MT), 2018-2023
Table 29. By Country - North America Natural Lutein Sales, (K MT), 2024-2030
Table 30. By Country - Europe Natural Lutein Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 31. By Country - Europe Natural Lutein Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2030
Table 32. By Country - Europe Natural Lutein Sales, (K MT), 2018-2023
Table 33. By Country - Europe Natural Lutein Sales, (K MT), 2024-2030
Table 34. By Region - Asia Natural Lutein Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 35. By Region - Asia Natural Lutein Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2030
Table 36. By Region - Asia Natural Lutein Sales, (K MT), 2018-2023
Table 37. By Region - Asia Natural Lutein Sales, (K MT), 2024-2030
Table 38. By Country - South America Natural Lutein Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 39. By Country - South America Natural Lutein Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2030
Table 40. By Country - South America Natural Lutein Sales, (K MT), 2018-2023
Table 41. By Country - South America Natural Lutein Sales, (K MT), 2024-2030
Table 42. By Country - Middle East & Africa Natural Lutein Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 43. By Country - Middle East & Africa Natural Lutein Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2030
Table 44. By Country - Middle East & Africa Natural Lutein Sales, (K MT), 2018-2023
Table 45. By Country - Middle East & Africa Natural Lutein Sales, (K MT), 2024-2030
Table 46. BASF (Germany) Company Summary
Table 47. BASF (Germany) Natural Lutein Product Offerings
Table 48. BASF (Germany) Natural Lutein Sales (K MT), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/MT) (2018-2023)
Table 49. BASF (Germany) Key News & Latest Developments
Table 50. Chr. Hansen (Denmark) Company Summary
Table 51. Chr. Hansen (Denmark) Natural Lutein Product Offerings
Table 52. Chr. Hansen (Denmark) Natural Lutein Sales (K MT), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/MT) (2018-2023)
Table 53. Chr. Hansen (Denmark) Key News & Latest Developments
Table 54. E.I.D. Parry (India) Company Summary
Table 55. E.I.D. Parry (India) Natural Lutein Product Offerings
Table 56. E.I.D. Parry (India) Natural Lutein Sales (K MT), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/MT) (2018-2023)
Table 57. E.I.D. Parry (India) Key News & Latest Developments
Table 58. Kemin (US) Company Summary
Table 59. Kemin (US) Natural Lutein Product Offerings
Table 60. Kemin (US) Natural Lutein Sales (K MT), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/MT) (2018-2023)
Table 61. Kemin (US) Key News & Latest Developments
Table 62. Zhejiang Medicine (China) Company Summary
Table 63. Zhejiang Medicine (China) Natural Lutein Product Offerings
Table 64. Zhejiang Medicine (China) Natural Lutein Sales (K MT), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/MT) (2018-2023)
Table 65. Zhejiang Medicine (China) Key News & Latest Developments
Table 66. DDW The Color House. (US) Company Summary
Table 67. DDW The Color House. (US) Natural Lutein Product Offerings
Table 68. DDW The Color House. (US) Natural Lutein Sales (K MT), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/MT) (2018-2023)
Table 69. DDW The Color House. (US) Key News & Latest Developments
Table 70. Dohler (Germany) Company Summary
Table 71. Dohler (Germany) Natural Lutein Product Offerings
Table 72. Dohler (Germany) Natural Lutein Sales (K MT), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/MT) (2018-2023)
Table 73. Dohler (Germany) Key News & Latest Developments
Table 74. Lycored (Israel) Company Summary
Table 75. Lycored (Israel) Natural Lutein Product Offerings
Table 76. Lycored (Israel) Natural Lutein Sales (K MT), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/MT) (2018-2023)
Table 77. Lycored (Israel) Key News & Latest Developments
Table 78. PIVEG (US) Company Summary
Table 79. PIVEG (US) Natural Lutein Product Offerings
Table 80. PIVEG (US) Natural Lutein Sales (K MT), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/MT) (2018-2023)
Table 81. PIVEG (US) Key News & Latest Developments
Table 82. Allied Biotech (Taiwan) Company Summary
Table 83. Allied Biotech (Taiwan) Natural Lutein Product Offerings
Table 84. Allied Biotech (Taiwan) Natural Lutein Sales (K MT), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/MT) (2018-2023)
Table 85. Allied Biotech (Taiwan) Key News & Latest Developments
Table 86. FENCHEM (China) Company Summary
Table 87. FENCHEM (China) Natural Lutein Product Offerings
Table 88. FENCHEM (China) Natural Lutein Sales (K MT), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/MT) (2018-2023)
Table 89. FENCHEM (China) Key News & Latest Developments
Table 90. Natural Lutein Production Capacity (K MT) of Key Manufacturers in Global Market, 2021-2023 (K MT)
Table 91. Global Natural Lutein Capacity Market Share of Key Manufacturers, 2021-2023
Table 92. Global Natural Lutein Production by Region, 2018-2023 (K MT)
Table 93. Global Natural Lutein Production by Region, 2024-2030 (K MT)
Table 94. Natural Lutein Market Opportunities & Trends in Global Market
Table 95. Natural Lutein Market Drivers in Global Market
Table 96. Natural Lutein Market Restraints in Global Market
Table 97. Natural Lutein Raw Materials
Table 98. Natural Lutein Raw Materials Suppliers in Global Market
Table 99. Typical Natural Lutein Downstream
Table 100. Natural Lutein Downstream Clients in Global Market
Table 101. Natural Lutein Distributors and Sales Agents in Global Market
List of Figures
Figure 1. Natural Lutein Segment by Type in 2022
Figure 2. Natural Lutein Segment by Application in 2022
Figure 3. Global Natural Lutein Market Overview: 2022
Figure 4. Key Caveats
Figure 5. Global Natural Lutein Market Size: 2022 VS 2030 (US$, Mn)
Figure 6. Global Natural Lutein Revenue, 2018-2030 (US$, Mn)
Figure 7. Natural Lutein Sales in Global Market: 2018-2030 (K MT)
Figure 8. The Top 3 and 5 Players Market Share by Natural Lutein Revenue in 2022
Figure 9. By Type - Global Natural Lutein Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2030
Figure 10. By Type - Global Natural Lutein Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 11. By Type - Global Natural Lutein Sales Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 12. By Type - Global Natural Lutein Price (USD/MT), 2018-2030
Figure 13. By Application - Global Natural Lutein Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2030
Figure 14. By Application - Global Natural Lutein Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 15. By Application - Global Natural Lutein Sales Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 16. By Application - Global Natural Lutein Price (USD/MT), 2018-2030
Figure 17. By Region - Global Natural Lutein Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2030
Figure 18. By Region - Global Natural Lutein Revenue Market Share, 2018 VS 2022 VS 2030
Figure 19. By Region - Global Natural Lutein Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 20. By Region - Global Natural Lutein Sales Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 21. By Country - North America Natural Lutein Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 22. By Country - North America Natural Lutein Sales Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 23. US Natural Lutein Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 24. Canada Natural Lutein Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 25. Mexico Natural Lutein Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 26. By Country - Europe Natural Lutein Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 27. By Country - Europe Natural Lutein Sales Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 28. Germany Natural Lutein Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 29. France Natural Lutein Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 30. U.K. Natural Lutein Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 31. Italy Natural Lutein Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 32. Russia Natural Lutein Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 33. Nordic Countries Natural Lutein Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 34. Benelux Natural Lutein Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 35. By Region - Asia Natural Lutein Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 36. By Region - Asia Natural Lutein Sales Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 37. China Natural Lutein Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 38. Japan Natural Lutein Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 39. South Korea Natural Lutein Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 40. Southeast Asia Natural Lutein Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 41. India Natural Lutein Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 42. By Country - South America Natural Lutein Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 43. By Country - South America Natural Lutein Sales Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 44. Brazil Natural Lutein Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 45. Argentina Natural Lutein Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 46. By Country - Middle East & Africa Natural Lutein Revenue Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 47. By Country - Middle East & Africa Natural Lutein Sales Market Share, 2018-2030
Figure 48. Turkey Natural Lutein Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 49. Israel Natural Lutein Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 50. Saudi Arabia Natural Lutein Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 51. UAE Natural Lutein Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2030
Figure 52. Global Natural Lutein Production Capacity (K MT), 2018-2030
Figure 53. The Percentage of Production Natural Lutein by Region, 2022 VS 2030
Figure 54. Natural Lutein Industry Value Chain
Figure 55. Marketing Channels