Accommodative Intraocular Lens and Forecast Market
1 Introduction to Research & Analysis Reports
1.1 Accommodative Intraocular Lens Market Definition
1.2 Market Segments
1.2.1 Market by Type
1.2.2 Market by Application
1.3 Global Accommodative Intraocular Lens Market Overview
1.4 Features & Benefits of This Report
1.5 Methodology & Sources of Information
1.5.1 Research Methodology
1.5.2 Research Process
1.5.3 Base Year
1.5.4 Report Assumptions & Caveats
2 Global Accommodative Intraocular Lens Overall Market Size
2.1 Global Accommodative Intraocular Lens Market Size: 2022 VS 2032
2.2 Global Accommodative Intraocular Lens Revenue, Prospects & Forecasts: 2018-2032
2.3 Global Accommodative Intraocular Lens Sales: 2018-2032
3 Company Landscape
3.1 Top Accommodative Intraocular Lens Players in Global Market
3.2 Top Global Accommodative Intraocular Lens Companies Ranked by Revenue
3.3 Global Accommodative Intraocular Lens Revenue by Companies
3.4 Global Accommodative Intraocular Lens Sales by Companies
3.5 Global Accommodative Intraocular Lens Price by Manufacturer (2018-2023)
3.6 Top 3 and Top 5 Accommodative Intraocular Lens Companies in Global Market, by Revenue in 2022
3.7 Global Manufacturers Accommodative Intraocular Lens Product Type
3.8 Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 Accommodative Intraocular Lens Players in Global Market
3.8.1 List of Global Tier 1 Accommodative Intraocular Lens Companies
3.8.2 List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Accommodative Intraocular Lens Companies
4 Sights by Product
4.1 Overview
4.1.1 By Type - Global Accommodative Intraocular Lens Market Size Markets, 2022 & 2032
4.1.2 Single Optical Surface
4.1.3 Double Optical Surface
4.2 By Type - Global Accommodative Intraocular Lens Revenue & Forecasts
4.2.1 By Type - Global Accommodative Intraocular Lens Revenue, 2018-2023
4.2.2 By Type - Global Accommodative Intraocular Lens Revenue, 2024-2032
4.2.3 By Type - Global Accommodative Intraocular Lens Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
4.3 By Type - Global Accommodative Intraocular Lens Sales & Forecasts
4.3.1 By Type - Global Accommodative Intraocular Lens Sales, 2018-2023
4.3.2 By Type - Global Accommodative Intraocular Lens Sales, 2024-2032
4.3.3 By Type - Global Accommodative Intraocular Lens Sales Market Share, 2018-2032
4.4 By Type - Global Accommodative Intraocular Lens Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2018-2032
5 Sights by Application
5.1 Overview
5.1.1 By Application - Global Accommodative Intraocular Lens Market Size, 2022 & 2032
5.1.2 Hospitals
5.1.3 Ophthalmology Clinics
5.1.4 Ambulatory Surgery Centers
5.1.5 Eye Research Institutes
5.2 By Application - Global Accommodative Intraocular Lens Revenue & Forecasts
5.2.1 By Application - Global Accommodative Intraocular Lens Revenue, 2018-2023
5.2.2 By Application - Global Accommodative Intraocular Lens Revenue, 2024-2032
5.2.3 By Application - Global Accommodative Intraocular Lens Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
5.3 By Application - Global Accommodative Intraocular Lens Sales & Forecasts
5.3.1 By Application - Global Accommodative Intraocular Lens Sales, 2018-2023
5.3.2 By Application - Global Accommodative Intraocular Lens Sales, 2024-2032
5.3.3 By Application - Global Accommodative Intraocular Lens Sales Market Share, 2018-2032
5.4 By Application - Global Accommodative Intraocular Lens Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2018-2032
6 Sights by Region
6.1 By Region - Global Accommodative Intraocular Lens Market Size, 2022 & 2032
6.2 By Region - Global Accommodative Intraocular Lens Revenue & Forecasts
6.2.1 By Region - Global Accommodative Intraocular Lens Revenue, 2018-2023
6.2.2 By Region - Global Accommodative Intraocular Lens Revenue, 2024-2032
6.2.3 By Region - Global Accommodative Intraocular Lens Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
6.3 By Region - Global Accommodative Intraocular Lens Sales & Forecasts
6.3.1 By Region - Global Accommodative Intraocular Lens Sales, 2018-2023
6.3.2 By Region - Global Accommodative Intraocular Lens Sales, 2024-2032
6.3.3 By Region - Global Accommodative Intraocular Lens Sales Market Share, 2018-2032
6.4 North America
6.4.1 By Country - North America Accommodative Intraocular Lens Revenue, 2018-2032
6.4.2 By Country - North America Accommodative Intraocular Lens Sales, 2018-2032
6.4.3 US Accommodative Intraocular Lens Market Size, 2018-2032
6.4.4 Canada Accommodative Intraocular Lens Market Size, 2018-2032
6.4.5 Mexico Accommodative Intraocular Lens Market Size, 2018-2032
6.5 Europe
6.5.1 By Country - Europe Accommodative Intraocular Lens Revenue, 2018-2032
6.5.2 By Country - Europe Accommodative Intraocular Lens Sales, 2018-2032
6.5.3 Germany Accommodative Intraocular Lens Market Size, 2018-2032
6.5.4 France Accommodative Intraocular Lens Market Size, 2018-2032
6.5.5 U.K. Accommodative Intraocular Lens Market Size, 2018-2032
6.5.6 Italy Accommodative Intraocular Lens Market Size, 2018-2032
6.5.7 Russia Accommodative Intraocular Lens Market Size, 2018-2032
6.5.8 Nordic Countries Accommodative Intraocular Lens Market Size, 2018-2032
6.5.9 Benelux Accommodative Intraocular Lens Market Size, 2018-2032
6.6 Asia
6.6.1 By Region - Asia Accommodative Intraocular Lens Revenue, 2018-2032
6.6.2 By Region - Asia Accommodative Intraocular Lens Sales, 2018-2032
6.6.3 China Accommodative Intraocular Lens Market Size, 2018-2032
6.6.4 Japan Accommodative Intraocular Lens Market Size, 2018-2032
6.6.5 South Korea Accommodative Intraocular Lens Market Size, 2018-2032
6.6.6 Southeast Asia Accommodative Intraocular Lens Market Size, 2018-2032
6.6.7 India Accommodative Intraocular Lens Market Size, 2018-2032
6.7 South America
6.7.1 By Country - South America Accommodative Intraocular Lens Revenue, 2018-2032
6.7.2 By Country - South America Accommodative Intraocular Lens Sales, 2018-2032
6.7.3 Brazil Accommodative Intraocular Lens Market Size, 2018-2032
6.7.4 Argentina Accommodative Intraocular Lens Market Size, 2018-2032
6.8 Middle East & Africa
6.8.1 By Country - Middle East & Africa Accommodative Intraocular Lens Revenue, 2018-2032
6.8.2 By Country - Middle East & Africa Accommodative Intraocular Lens Sales, 2018-2032
6.8.3 Turkey Accommodative Intraocular Lens Market Size, 2018-2032
6.8.4 Israel Accommodative Intraocular Lens Market Size, 2018-2032
6.8.5 Saudi Arabia Accommodative Intraocular Lens Market Size, 2018-2032
6.8.6 UAE Accommodative Intraocular Lens Market Size, 2018-2032
7 Manufacturers & Brands Profiles
7.1 Johnson & Johnson
7.1.1 Johnson & Johnson Company Summary
7.1.2 Johnson & Johnson Business Overview
7.1.3 Johnson & Johnson Accommodative Intraocular Lens Major Product Offerings
7.1.4 Johnson & Johnson Accommodative Intraocular Lens Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.1.5 Johnson & Johnson Key News & Latest Developments
7.2 Alcon
7.2.1 Alcon Company Summary
7.2.2 Alcon Business Overview
7.2.3 Alcon Accommodative Intraocular Lens Major Product Offerings
7.2.4 Alcon Accommodative Intraocular Lens Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.2.5 Alcon Key News & Latest Developments
7.3 Hoya Surgical Optic
7.3.1 Hoya Surgical Optic Company Summary
7.3.2 Hoya Surgical Optic Business Overview
7.3.3 Hoya Surgical Optic Accommodative Intraocular Lens Major Product Offerings
7.3.4 Hoya Surgical Optic Accommodative Intraocular Lens Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.3.5 Hoya Surgical Optic Key News & Latest Developments
7.4 Carl Zeiss Meditec AG
7.4.1 Carl Zeiss Meditec AG Company Summary
7.4.2 Carl Zeiss Meditec AG Business Overview
7.4.3 Carl Zeiss Meditec AG Accommodative Intraocular Lens Major Product Offerings
7.4.4 Carl Zeiss Meditec AG Accommodative Intraocular Lens Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.4.5 Carl Zeiss Meditec AG Key News & Latest Developments
7.5 Bausch & Lomb
7.5.1 Bausch & Lomb Company Summary
7.5.2 Bausch & Lomb Business Overview
7.5.3 Bausch & Lomb Accommodative Intraocular Lens Major Product Offerings
7.5.4 Bausch & Lomb Accommodative Intraocular Lens Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.5.5 Bausch & Lomb Key News & Latest Developments
7.6 Staar Surgical
7.6.1 Staar Surgical Company Summary
7.6.2 Staar Surgical Business Overview
7.6.3 Staar Surgical Accommodative Intraocular Lens Major Product Offerings
7.6.4 Staar Surgical Accommodative Intraocular Lens Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.6.5 Staar Surgical Key News & Latest Developments
7.7 Oculentis GmBH
7.7.1 Oculentis GmBH Company Summary
7.7.2 Oculentis GmBH Business Overview
7.7.3 Oculentis GmBH Accommodative Intraocular Lens Major Product Offerings
7.7.4 Oculentis GmBH Accommodative Intraocular Lens Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.7.5 Oculentis GmBH Key News & Latest Developments
8 Global Accommodative Intraocular Lens Production Capacity, Analysis
8.1 Global Accommodative Intraocular Lens Production Capacity, 2018-2032
8.2 Accommodative Intraocular Lens Production Capacity of Key Manufacturers in Global Market
8.3 Global Accommodative Intraocular Lens Production by Region
9 Key Market Trends, Opportunity, Drivers and Restraints
9.1 Market Opportunities & Trends
9.2 Market Drivers
9.3 Market Restraints
10 Accommodative Intraocular Lens Supply Chain Analysis
10.1 Accommodative Intraocular Lens Industry Value Chain
10.2 Accommodative Intraocular Lens Upstream Market
10.3 Accommodative Intraocular Lens Downstream and Clients
10.4 Marketing Channels Analysis
10.4.1 Marketing Channels
10.4.2 Accommodative Intraocular Lens Distributors and Sales Agents in Global
11 Conclusion
12 Appendix
12.1 Note
12.2 Examples of Clients
12.3 Disclaimer
List of Tables
Table 1. Key Players of Accommodative Intraocular Lens in Global Market
Table 2. Top Accommodative Intraocular Lens Players in Global Market, Ranking by Revenue (2022)
Table 3. Global Accommodative Intraocular Lens Revenue by Companies, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 4. Global Accommodative Intraocular Lens Revenue Share by Companies, 2018-2023
Table 5. Global Accommodative Intraocular Lens Sales by Companies, (Units), 2018-2023
Table 6. Global Accommodative Intraocular Lens Sales Share by Companies, 2018-2023
Table 7. Key Manufacturers Accommodative Intraocular Lens Price (2018-2023) & (USD/Unit)
Table 8. Global Manufacturers Accommodative Intraocular Lens Product Type
Table 9. List of Global Tier 1 Accommodative Intraocular Lens Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2022 and Market Share
Table 10. List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Accommodative Intraocular Lens Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2022 and Market Share
Table 11. By Type ? Global Accommodative Intraocular Lens Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2032
Table 12. By Type - Global Accommodative Intraocular Lens Revenue (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 13. By Type - Global Accommodative Intraocular Lens Revenue (US$, Mn), 2024-2032
Table 14. By Type - Global Accommodative Intraocular Lens Sales (Units), 2018-2023
Table 15. By Type - Global Accommodative Intraocular Lens Sales (Units), 2024-2032
Table 16. By Application ? Global Accommodative Intraocular Lens Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2032
Table 17. By Application - Global Accommodative Intraocular Lens Revenue (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 18. By Application - Global Accommodative Intraocular Lens Revenue (US$, Mn), 2024-2032
Table 19. By Application - Global Accommodative Intraocular Lens Sales (Units), 2018-2023
Table 20. By Application - Global Accommodative Intraocular Lens Sales (Units), 2024-2032
Table 21. By Region ? Global Accommodative Intraocular Lens Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 VS 2032
Table 22. By Region - Global Accommodative Intraocular Lens Revenue (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 23. By Region - Global Accommodative Intraocular Lens Revenue (US$, Mn), 2024-2032
Table 24. By Region - Global Accommodative Intraocular Lens Sales (Units), 2018-2023
Table 25. By Region - Global Accommodative Intraocular Lens Sales (Units), 2024-2032
Table 26. By Country - North America Accommodative Intraocular Lens Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 27. By Country - North America Accommodative Intraocular Lens Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2032
Table 28. By Country - North America Accommodative Intraocular Lens Sales, (Units), 2018-2023
Table 29. By Country - North America Accommodative Intraocular Lens Sales, (Units), 2024-2032
Table 30. By Country - Europe Accommodative Intraocular Lens Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 31. By Country - Europe Accommodative Intraocular Lens Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2032
Table 32. By Country - Europe Accommodative Intraocular Lens Sales, (Units), 2018-2023
Table 33. By Country - Europe Accommodative Intraocular Lens Sales, (Units), 2024-2032
Table 34. By Region - Asia Accommodative Intraocular Lens Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 35. By Region - Asia Accommodative Intraocular Lens Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2032
Table 36. By Region - Asia Accommodative Intraocular Lens Sales, (Units), 2018-2023
Table 37. By Region - Asia Accommodative Intraocular Lens Sales, (Units), 2024-2032
Table 38. By Country - South America Accommodative Intraocular Lens Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 39. By Country - South America Accommodative Intraocular Lens Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2032
Table 40. By Country - South America Accommodative Intraocular Lens Sales, (Units), 2018-2023
Table 41. By Country - South America Accommodative Intraocular Lens Sales, (Units), 2024-2032
Table 42. By Country - Middle East & Africa Accommodative Intraocular Lens Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 43. By Country - Middle East & Africa Accommodative Intraocular Lens Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2032
Table 44. By Country - Middle East & Africa Accommodative Intraocular Lens Sales, (Units), 2018-2023
Table 45. By Country - Middle East & Africa Accommodative Intraocular Lens Sales, (Units), 2024-2032
Table 46. Johnson & Johnson Company Summary
Table 47. Johnson & Johnson Accommodative Intraocular Lens Product Offerings
Table 48. Johnson & Johnson Accommodative Intraocular Lens Sales (Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 49. Johnson & Johnson Key News & Latest Developments
Table 50. Alcon Company Summary
Table 51. Alcon Accommodative Intraocular Lens Product Offerings
Table 52. Alcon Accommodative Intraocular Lens Sales (Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 53. Alcon Key News & Latest Developments
Table 54. Hoya Surgical Optic Company Summary
Table 55. Hoya Surgical Optic Accommodative Intraocular Lens Product Offerings
Table 56. Hoya Surgical Optic Accommodative Intraocular Lens Sales (Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 57. Hoya Surgical Optic Key News & Latest Developments
Table 58. Carl Zeiss Meditec AG Company Summary
Table 59. Carl Zeiss Meditec AG Accommodative Intraocular Lens Product Offerings
Table 60. Carl Zeiss Meditec AG Accommodative Intraocular Lens Sales (Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 61. Carl Zeiss Meditec AG Key News & Latest Developments
Table 62. Bausch & Lomb Company Summary
Table 63. Bausch & Lomb Accommodative Intraocular Lens Product Offerings
Table 64. Bausch & Lomb Accommodative Intraocular Lens Sales (Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 65. Bausch & Lomb Key News & Latest Developments
Table 66. Staar Surgical Company Summary
Table 67. Staar Surgical Accommodative Intraocular Lens Product Offerings
Table 68. Staar Surgical Accommodative Intraocular Lens Sales (Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 69. Staar Surgical Key News & Latest Developments
Table 70. Oculentis GmBH Company Summary
Table 71. Oculentis GmBH Accommodative Intraocular Lens Product Offerings
Table 72. Oculentis GmBH Accommodative Intraocular Lens Sales (Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 73. Oculentis GmBH Key News & Latest Developments
Table 74. Accommodative Intraocular Lens Production Capacity (Units) of Key Manufacturers in Global Market, 2021-2023 (Units)
Table 75. Global Accommodative Intraocular Lens Capacity Market Share of Key Manufacturers, 2021-2023
Table 76. Global Accommodative Intraocular Lens Production by Region, 2018-2023 (Units)
Table 77. Global Accommodative Intraocular Lens Production by Region, 2024-2032 (Units)
Table 78. Accommodative Intraocular Lens Market Opportunities & Trends in Global Market
Table 79. Accommodative Intraocular Lens Market Drivers in Global Market
Table 80. Accommodative Intraocular Lens Market Restraints in Global Market
Table 81. Accommodative Intraocular Lens Raw Materials
Table 82. Accommodative Intraocular Lens Raw Materials Suppliers in Global Market
Table 83. Typical Accommodative Intraocular Lens Downstream
Table 84. Accommodative Intraocular Lens Downstream Clients in Global Market
Table 85. Accommodative Intraocular Lens Distributors and Sales Agents in Global Market
List of Figures
Figure 1. Accommodative Intraocular Lens Segment by Type in 2022
Figure 2. Accommodative Intraocular Lens Segment by Application in 2022
Figure 3. Global Accommodative Intraocular Lens Market Overview: 2022
Figure 4. Key Caveats
Figure 5. Global Accommodative Intraocular Lens Market Size: 2022 VS 2032 (US$, Mn)
Figure 6. Global Accommodative Intraocular Lens Revenue, 2018-2032 (US$, Mn)
Figure 7. Accommodative Intraocular Lens Sales in Global Market: 2018-2032 (Units)
Figure 8. The Top 3 and 5 Players Market Share by Accommodative Intraocular Lens Revenue in 2022
Figure 9. By Type - Global Accommodative Intraocular Lens Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2032
Figure 10. By Type - Global Accommodative Intraocular Lens Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 11. By Type - Global Accommodative Intraocular Lens Sales Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 12. By Type - Global Accommodative Intraocular Lens Price (USD/Unit), 2018-2032
Figure 13. By Application - Global Accommodative Intraocular Lens Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2032
Figure 14. By Application - Global Accommodative Intraocular Lens Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 15. By Application - Global Accommodative Intraocular Lens Sales Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 16. By Application - Global Accommodative Intraocular Lens Price (USD/Unit), 2018-2032
Figure 17. By Region - Global Accommodative Intraocular Lens Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2032
Figure 18. By Region - Global Accommodative Intraocular Lens Revenue Market Share, 2018 VS 2022 VS 2032
Figure 19. By Region - Global Accommodative Intraocular Lens Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 20. By Region - Global Accommodative Intraocular Lens Sales Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 21. By Country - North America Accommodative Intraocular Lens Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 22. By Country - North America Accommodative Intraocular Lens Sales Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 23. US Accommodative Intraocular Lens Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 24. Canada Accommodative Intraocular Lens Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 25. Mexico Accommodative Intraocular Lens Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 26. By Country - Europe Accommodative Intraocular Lens Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 27. By Country - Europe Accommodative Intraocular Lens Sales Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 28. Germany Accommodative Intraocular Lens Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 29. France Accommodative Intraocular Lens Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 30. U.K. Accommodative Intraocular Lens Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 31. Italy Accommodative Intraocular Lens Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 32. Russia Accommodative Intraocular Lens Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 33. Nordic Countries Accommodative Intraocular Lens Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 34. Benelux Accommodative Intraocular Lens Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 35. By Region - Asia Accommodative Intraocular Lens Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 36. By Region - Asia Accommodative Intraocular Lens Sales Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 37. China Accommodative Intraocular Lens Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 38. Japan Accommodative Intraocular Lens Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 39. South Korea Accommodative Intraocular Lens Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 40. Southeast Asia Accommodative Intraocular Lens Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 41. India Accommodative Intraocular Lens Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 42. By Country - South America Accommodative Intraocular Lens Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 43. By Country - South America Accommodative Intraocular Lens Sales Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 44. Brazil Accommodative Intraocular Lens Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 45. Argentina Accommodative Intraocular Lens Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 46. By Country - Middle East & Africa Accommodative Intraocular Lens Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 47. By Country - Middle East & Africa Accommodative Intraocular Lens Sales Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 48. Turkey Accommodative Intraocular Lens Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 49. Israel Accommodative Intraocular Lens Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 50. Saudi Arabia Accommodative Intraocular Lens Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 51. UAE Accommodative Intraocular Lens Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 52. Global Accommodative Intraocular Lens Production Capacity (Units), 2018-2032
Figure 53. The Percentage of Production Accommodative Intraocular Lens by Region, 2022 VS 2032
Figure 54. Accommodative Intraocular Lens Industry Value Chain
Figure 55. Marketing Channels