Mobile App Stores Market
1 Report Business Overview
1.1 Study Scope
1.2 Market Analysis by Type
1.2.1 Global Mobile App Stores Market Size Growth Rate by Type, 2017 VS 2021 VS 2028
1.2.2 Pay
1.2.3 Free
1.3 Market by Application
1.3.1 Global Mobile App Stores Market Size Growth Rate by Application, 2017 VS 2021 VS 2028
1.3.2 Mobile Phone
1.3.3 Computer
1.4 Study Objectives
1.5 Years Considered
2 Global Growth Trends
2.1 Global Mobile App Stores Market Perspective (2017-2028)
2.2 Mobile App Stores Growth Trends by Region
2.2.1 Mobile App Stores Market Size by Region: 2017 VS 2021 VS 2028
2.2.2 Mobile App Stores Historic Market Size by Region (2017-2022)
2.2.3 Mobile App Stores Forecasted Market Size by Region (2023-2028)
2.3 Mobile App Stores Market Dynamics
2.3.1 Mobile App Stores Industry Trends
2.3.2 Mobile App Stores Market Drivers
2.3.3 Mobile App Stores Market Challenges
2.3.4 Mobile App Stores Market Restraints
3 Competition Landscape by Key Players
3.1 Global Top Mobile App Stores Players by Revenue
3.1.1 Global Top Mobile App Stores Players by Revenue (2017-2022)
3.1.2 Global Mobile App Stores Revenue Market Share by Players (2017-2022)
3.2 Global Mobile App Stores Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3)
3.3 Players Covered: Ranking by Mobile App Stores Revenue
3.4 Global Mobile App Stores Market Concentration Ratio
3.4.1 Global Mobile App Stores Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
3.4.2 Global Top 10 and Top 5 Companies by Mobile App Stores Revenue in 2021
3.5 Mobile App Stores Key Players Head office and Area Served
3.6 Key Players Mobile App Stores Product Solution and Service
3.7 Date of Enter into Mobile App Stores Market
3.8 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
4 Mobile App Stores Breakdown Data by Type
4.1 Global Mobile App Stores Historic Market Size by Type (2017-2022)
4.2 Global Mobile App Stores Forecasted Market Size by Type (2023-2028)
5 Mobile App Stores Breakdown Data by Application
5.1 Global Mobile App Stores Historic Market Size by Application (2017-2022)
5.2 Global Mobile App Stores Forecasted Market Size by Application (2023-2028)
6 North America
6.1 North America Mobile App Stores Market Size (2017-2028)
6.2 North America Mobile App Stores Market Size by Type
6.2.1 North America Mobile App Stores Market Size by Type (2017-2022)
6.2.2 North America Mobile App Stores Market Size by Type (2023-2028)
6.2.3 North America Mobile App Stores Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
6.3 North America Mobile App Stores Market Size by Application
6.3.1 North America Mobile App Stores Market Size by Application (2017-2022)
6.3.2 North America Mobile App Stores Market Size by Application (2023-2028)
6.3.3 North America Mobile App Stores Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
6.4 North America Mobile App Stores Market Size by Country
6.4.1 North America Mobile App Stores Market Size by Country (2017-2022)
6.4.2 North America Mobile App Stores Market Size by Country (2023-2028)
6.4.3 U.S.
6.4.4 Canada
7 Europe
7.1 Europe Mobile App Stores Market Size (2017-2028)
7.2 Europe Mobile App Stores Market Size by Type
7.2.1 Europe Mobile App Stores Market Size by Type (2017-2022)
7.2.2 Europe Mobile App Stores Market Size by Type (2023-2028)
7.2.3 Europe Mobile App Stores Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
7.3 Europe Mobile App Stores Market Size by Application
7.3.1 Europe Mobile App Stores Market Size by Application (2017-2022)
7.3.2 Europe Mobile App Stores Market Size by Application (2023-2028)
7.3.3 Europe Mobile App Stores Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
7.4 Europe Mobile App Stores Market Size by Country
7.4.1 Europe Mobile App Stores Market Size by Country (2017-2022)
7.4.2 Europe Mobile App Stores Market Size by Country (2023-2028)
7.4.3 Germany
7.4.4 France
7.4.5 U.K.
7.4.6 Italy
7.4.7 Russia
7.4.8 Nordic Countries
8 Asia-Pacific
8.1 Asia-Pacific Mobile App Stores Market Size (2017-2028)
8.2 Asia-Pacific Mobile App Stores Market Size by Type
8.2.1 Asia-Pacific Mobile App Stores Market Size by Type (2017-2022)
8.2.2 Asia-Pacific Mobile App Stores Market Size by Type (2023-2028)
8.2.3 Asia-Pacific Mobile App Stores Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
8.3 Asia-Pacific Mobile App Stores Market Size by Application
8.3.1 Asia-Pacific Mobile App Stores Market Size by Application (2017-2022)
8.3.2 Asia-Pacific Mobile App Stores Market Size by Application (2023-2028)
8.3.3 Asia-Pacific Mobile App Stores Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
8.4 Asia-Pacific Mobile App Stores Market Size by Region
8.4.1 Asia-Pacific Mobile App Stores Market Size by Region (2017-2022)
8.4.2 Asia-Pacific Mobile App Stores Market Size by Region (2023-2028)
8.4.3 China
8.4.4 Japan
8.4.5 South Korea
8.4.6 Southeast Asia
8.4.7 India
8.4.8 Australia
9 Latin America
9.1 Latin America Mobile App Stores Market Size (2017-2028)
9.2 Latin America Mobile App Stores Market Size by Type
9.2.1 Latin America Mobile App Stores Market Size by Type (2017-2022)
9.2.2 Latin America Mobile App Stores Market Size by Type (2023-2028)
9.2.3 Latin America Mobile App Stores Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
9.3 Latin America Mobile App Stores Market Size by Application
9.3.1 Latin America Mobile App Stores Market Size by Application (2017-2022)
9.3.2 Latin America Mobile App Stores Market Size by Application (2023-2028)
9.3.3 Latin America Mobile App Stores Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
9.4 Latin America Mobile App Stores Market Size by Country
9.4.1 Latin America Mobile App Stores Market Size by Country (2017-2022)
9.4.2 Latin America Mobile App Stores Market Size by Country (2023-2028)
9.4.3 Mexico
9.4.4 Brazil
10 Middle East & Africa
10.1 Middle East & Africa Mobile App Stores Market Size (2017-2028)
10.2 Middle East & Africa Mobile App Stores Market Size by Type
10.2.1 Middle East & Africa Mobile App Stores Market Size by Type (2017-2022)
10.2.2 Middle East & Africa Mobile App Stores Market Size by Type (2023-2028)
10.2.3 Middle East & Africa Mobile App Stores Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
10.3 Middle East & Africa Mobile App Stores Market Size by Application
10.3.1 Middle East & Africa Mobile App Stores Market Size by Application (2017-2022)
10.3.2 Middle East & Africa Mobile App Stores Market Size by Application (2023-2028)
10.3.3 Middle East & Africa Mobile App Stores Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
10.4 Middle East & Africa Mobile App Stores Market Size by Country
10.4.1 Middle East & Africa Mobile App Stores Market Size by Country (2017-2022)
10.4.2 Middle East & Africa Mobile App Stores Market Size by Country (2023-2028)
10.4.3 Turkey
10.4.4 Saudi Arabia
10.4.5 UAE
11 Key Players Profiles
11.1 Google
11.1.1 Google Company Details
11.1.2 Google Business Overview
11.1.3 Google Mobile App Stores Introduction
11.1.4 Google Revenue in Mobile App Stores Business (2017-2022)
11.1.5 Google Recent Developments
11.2 Appple
11.2.1 Appple Company Details
11.2.2 Appple Business Overview
11.2.3 Appple Mobile App Stores Introduction
11.2.4 Appple Revenue in Mobile App Stores Business (2017-2022)
11.2.5 Appple Recent Developments
11.3 Sumsung
11.3.1 Sumsung Company Details
11.3.2 Sumsung Business Overview
11.3.3 Sumsung Mobile App Stores Introduction
11.3.4 Sumsung Revenue in Mobile App Stores Business (2017-2022)
11.3.5 Sumsung Recent Developments
11.4 SlideME
11.4.1 SlideME Company Details
11.4.2 SlideME Business Overview
11.4.3 SlideME Mobile App Stores Introduction
11.4.4 SlideME Revenue in Mobile App Stores Business (2017-2022)
11.4.5 SlideME Recent Developments
11.5 Amazon
11.5.1 Amazon Company Details
11.5.2 Amazon Business Overview
11.5.3 Amazon Mobile App Stores Introduction
11.5.4 Amazon Revenue in Mobile App Stores Business (2017-2022)
11.5.5 Amazon Recent Developments
11.6 1Mobile
11.6.1 1Mobile Company Details
11.6.2 1Mobile Business Overview
11.6.3 1Mobile Mobile App Stores Introduction
11.6.4 1Mobile Revenue in Mobile App Stores Business (2017-2022)
11.6.5 1Mobile Recent Developments
11.7 Mobile9
11.7.1 Mobile9 Company Details
11.7.2 Mobile9 Business Overview
11.7.3 Mobile9 Mobile App Stores Introduction
11.7.4 Mobile9 Revenue in Mobile App Stores Business (2017-2022)
11.7.5 Mobile9 Recent Developments
11.8 Opera Mobile
11.8.1 Opera Mobile Company Details
11.8.2 Opera Mobile Business Overview
11.8.3 Opera Mobile Mobile App Stores Introduction
11.8.4 Opera Mobile Revenue in Mobile App Stores Business (2017-2022)
11.8.5 Opera Mobile Recent Developments
11.9 Mobango
11.9.1 Mobango Company Details
11.9.2 Mobango Business Overview
11.9.3 Mobango Mobile App Stores Introduction
11.9.4 Mobango Revenue in Mobile App Stores Business (2017-2022)
11.9.5 Mobango Recent Developments
11.10 F-droid
11.10.1 F-droid Company Details
11.10.2 F-droid Business Overview
11.10.3 F-droid Mobile App Stores Introduction
11.10.4 F-droid Revenue in Mobile App Stores Business (2017-2022)
11.10.5 F-droid Recent Developments
12 Analyst's Viewpoints/Conclusions
13 Appendix
13.1 Research Methodology
13.1.1 Methodology/Research Approach
13.1.2 Data Source
13.2 Author Details
13.3 Disclaimer
List of Tables
Table 1. Global Mobile App Stores Market Size Growth Rate by Type (US$ Million), 2017 VS 2021 VS 2028
Table 2. Key Players of Pay
Table 3. Key Players of Free
Table 4. Global Mobile App Stores Market Size Growth Rate by Application (US$ Million), 2017 VS 2021 VS 2028
Table 5. Global Mobile App Stores Market Size by Region (US$ Million): 2017 VS 2021 VS 2028
Table 6. Global Mobile App Stores Market Size by Region (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 7. Global Mobile App Stores Market Share by Region (2017-2022)
Table 8. Global Mobile App Stores Forecasted Market Size by Region (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 9. Global Mobile App Stores Market Share by Region (2023-2028)
Table 10. Mobile App Stores Market Trends
Table 11. Mobile App Stores Market Drivers
Table 12. Mobile App Stores Market Challenges
Table 13. Mobile App Stores Market Restraints
Table 14. Global Mobile App Stores Revenue by Players (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 15. Global Mobile App Stores Revenue Share by Players (2017-2022)
Table 16. Global Top Mobile App Stores by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3) & (based on the Revenue in Mobile App Stores as of 2021)
Table 17. Ranking of Global Top Mobile App Stores Companies by Revenue (US$ Million) in 2021
Table 18. Global 5 Largest Players Market Share by Mobile App Stores Revenue (CR5 and HHI) & (2017-2022)
Table 19. Key Players Headquarters and Area Served
Table 20. Key Players Mobile App Stores Product Solution and Service
Table 21. Date of Enter into Mobile App Stores Market
Table 22. Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
Table 23. Global Mobile App Stores Market Size by Type (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 24. Global Mobile App Stores Revenue Market Share by Type (2017-2022)
Table 25. Global Mobile App Stores Forecasted Market Size by Type (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 26. Global Mobile App Stores Revenue Market Share by Type (2023-2028)
Table 27. Global Mobile App Stores Market Size by Application (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 28. Global Mobile App Stores Revenue Share by Application (2017-2022)
Table 29. Global Mobile App Stores Forecasted Market Size by Application (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 30. Global Mobile App Stores Revenue Share by Application (2023-2028)
Table 31. North America Mobile App Stores Market Size by Type (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 32. North America Mobile App Stores Market Size by Type (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 33. North America Mobile App Stores Market Size by Application (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 34. North America Mobile App Stores Market Size by Application (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 35. North America Mobile App Stores Market Size by Country (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 36. North America Mobile App Stores Market Size by Country (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 37. Europe Mobile App Stores Market Size by Type (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 38. Europe Mobile App Stores Market Size by Type (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 39. Europe Mobile App Stores Market Size by Application (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 40. Europe Mobile App Stores Market Size by Application (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 41. Europe Mobile App Stores Market Size by Country (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 42. Europe Mobile App Stores Market Size by Country (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 43. Asia Pacific Mobile App Stores Market Size by Type (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 44. Asia Pacific Mobile App Stores Market Size by Type (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 45. Asia Pacific Mobile App Stores Market Size by Application (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 46. Asia Pacific Mobile App Stores Market Size by Application (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 47. Asia Pacific Mobile App Stores Market Size by Region (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 48. Asia Pacific Mobile App Stores Market Size by Region (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 49. Latin America Mobile App Stores Market Size by Type (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 50. Latin America Mobile App Stores Market Size by Type (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 51. Latin America Mobile App Stores Market Size by Application (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 52. Latin America Mobile App Stores Market Size by Application (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 53. Latin America Mobile App Stores Market Size by Country (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 54. Latin America Mobile App Stores Market Size by Country (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 55. Middle East and Africa Mobile App Stores Market Size by Type (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 56. Middle East and Africa Mobile App Stores Market Size by Type (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 57. Middle East and Africa Mobile App Stores Market Size by Application (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 58. Middle East and Africa Mobile App Stores Market Size by Application (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 59. Middle East and Africa Mobile App Stores Market Size by Country (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 60. Middle East and Africa Mobile App Stores Market Size by Country (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 61. Google Company Details
Table 62. Google Business Overview
Table 63. Google Mobile App Stores Product
Table 64. Google Revenue in Mobile App Stores Business (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 65. Google Recent Developments
Table 66. Appple Company Details
Table 67. Appple Business Overview
Table 68. Appple Mobile App Stores Product
Table 69. Appple Revenue in Mobile App Stores Business (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 70. Appple Recent Developments
Table 71. Sumsung Company Details
Table 72. Sumsung Business Overview
Table 73. Sumsung Mobile App Stores Product
Table 74. Sumsung Revenue in Mobile App Stores Business (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 75. Sumsung Recent Developments
Table 76. SlideME Company Details
Table 77. SlideME Business Overview
Table 78. SlideME Mobile App Stores Product
Table 79. SlideME Revenue in Mobile App Stores Business (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 80. SlideME Recent Developments
Table 81. Amazon Company Details
Table 82. Amazon Business Overview
Table 83. Amazon Mobile App Stores Product
Table 84. Amazon Revenue in Mobile App Stores Business (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 85. Amazon Recent Developments
Table 86. 1Mobile Company Details
Table 87. 1Mobile Business Overview
Table 88. 1Mobile Mobile App Stores Product
Table 89. 1Mobile Revenue in Mobile App Stores Business (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 90. 1Mobile Recent Developments
Table 91. Mobile9 Company Details
Table 92. Mobile9 Business Overview
Table 93. Mobile9 Mobile App Stores Product
Table 94. Mobile9 Revenue in Mobile App Stores Business (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 95. Mobile9 Recent Developments
Table 96. Opera Mobile Company Details
Table 97. Opera Mobile Business Overview
Table 98. Opera Mobile Mobile App Stores Product
Table 99. Opera Mobile Revenue in Mobile App Stores Business (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 100. Opera Mobile Recent Developments
Table 101. Mobango Company Details
Table 102. Mobango Business Overview
Table 103. Mobango Mobile App Stores Product
Table 104. Mobango Revenue in Mobile App Stores Business (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 105. Mobango Recent Developments
Table 106. F-droid Company Details
Table 107. F-droid Business Overview
Table 108. F-droid Mobile App Stores Product
Table 109. F-droid Revenue in Mobile App Stores Business (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 110. F-droid Recent Developments
Table 111. Research Programs/Design for This Report
Table 112. Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table 113. Key Data Information from Primary Sources
List of Figures
Figure 1. Global Mobile App Stores Market Share by Type: 2021 VS 2028
Figure 2. Pay Features
Figure 3. Free Features
Figure 4. Global Mobile App Stores Market Share by Application: 2021 VS 2028
Figure 5. Mobile Phone Case Studies
Figure 6. Computer Case Studies
Figure 7. Mobile App Stores Report Years Considered
Figure 8. Global Mobile App Stores Market Size (US$ Million), Year-over-Year: 2017-2028
Figure 9. Global Mobile App Stores Market Size, (US$ Million), 2017 VS 2021 VS 2028
Figure 10. Global Mobile App Stores Market Share by Region: 2021 VS 2028
Figure 11. Global Mobile App Stores Market Share by Players in 2021
Figure 12. Global Top Mobile App Stores Players by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3) & (based on the Revenue in Mobile App Stores as of 2021)
Figure 13. The Top 10 and 5 Players Market Share by Mobile App Stores Revenue in 2021
Figure 14. North America Mobile App Stores Market Size YoY (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 15. North America Mobile App Stores Market Size Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 16. North America Mobile App Stores Market Size Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 17. North America Mobile App Stores Market Size Share by Country (2017-2028)
Figure 18. United States Mobile App Stores Market Size YoY Growth (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 19. Canada Mobile App Stores Market Size YoY Growth (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 20. Europe Mobile App Stores Market Size YoY (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 21. Europe Mobile App Stores Market Size Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 22. Europe Mobile App Stores Market Size Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 23. Europe Mobile App Stores Market Size Share by Country (2017-2028)
Figure 24. Germany Mobile App Stores Market Size YoY Growth (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 25. France Mobile App Stores Market Size YoY Growth (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 26. U.K. Mobile App Stores Market Size YoY Growth (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 27. Italy Mobile App Stores Market Size YoY Growth (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 28. Russia Mobile App Stores Market Size YoY Growth (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 29. Nordic Countries Mobile App Stores Market Size YoY Growth (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 30. Asia-Pacific Mobile App Stores Market Size YoY (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 31. Asia Pacific Mobile App Stores Market Size Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 32. Asia Pacific Mobile App Stores Market Size Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 33. Asia Pacific Mobile App Stores Market Size Share by Region (2017-2028)
Figure 34. China Mobile App Stores Market Size YoY Growth (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 35. Japan Mobile App Stores Market Size YoY Growth (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 36. South Korea Mobile App Stores Market Size YoY Growth (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 37. Southeast Asia Mobile App Stores Market Size YoY Growth (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 38. India Mobile App Stores Market Size YoY Growth (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 39. Australia Mobile App Stores Market Size YoY Growth (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
List of Figures
Figure 40. Latin America Mobile App Stores Market Size YoY (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 41. Latin America Mobile App Stores Market Size Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 42. Latin America Mobile App Stores Market Size Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 43. Latin America Mobile App Stores Market Size Share by Country (2017-2028)
Figure 44. Mexico Mobile App Stores Market Size YoY Growth (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 45. Brazil Mobile App Stores Market Size YoY Growth (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 46. Middle East & Africa Mobile App Stores Market Size YoY (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 47. Middle East and Africa Mobile App Stores Market Size Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 48. Middle East and Africa Mobile App Stores Market Size Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 49. Middle East and Africa Mobile App Stores Market Size Share by Country (2017-2028)
Figure 50. Turkey Mobile App Stores Market Size YoY Growth (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 51. Saudi Arabia Mobile App Stores Market Size YoY Growth (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 52. UAE Mobile App Stores Market Size YoY Growth (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 53. Google Revenue Growth Rate in Mobile App Stores Business (2017-2022)
Figure 54. Appple Revenue Growth Rate in Mobile App Stores Business (2017-2022)
Figure 55. Sumsung Revenue Growth Rate in Mobile App Stores Business (2017-2022)
Figure 56. SlideME Revenue Growth Rate in Mobile App Stores Business (2017-2022)
Figure 57. Amazon Revenue Growth Rate in Mobile App Stores Business (2017-2022)
Figure 58. 1Mobile Revenue Growth Rate in Mobile App Stores Business (2017-2022)
Figure 59. Mobile9 Revenue Growth Rate in Mobile App Stores Business (2017-2022)
Figure 60. Opera Mobile Revenue Growth Rate in Mobile App Stores Business (2017-2022)
Figure 61. Mobango Revenue Growth Rate in Mobile App Stores Business (2017-2022)
Figure 62. F-droid Revenue Growth Rate in Mobile App Stores Business (2017-2022)
Figure 63. Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure 64. Data Triangulation
Figure 65. Key Executives Interviewed