Building-to-Grid Technology Market
1 Report Business Overview
1.1 Study Scope
1.2 Market Analysis by Type
1.2.1 Global Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size Growth Rate by Type, 2017 VS 2021 VS 2028
1.2.2 Software
1.2.3 Hardware
1.3 Market by Application
1.3.1 Global Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size Growth Rate by Application, 2017 VS 2021 VS 2028
1.3.2 Commercial
1.3.3 Industrial
1.4 Study Objectives
1.5 Years Considered
2 Global Growth Trends
2.1 Global Building-to-Grid Technology Market Perspective (2017-2028)
2.2 Building-to-Grid Technology Growth Trends by Region
2.2.1 Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size by Region: 2017 VS 2021 VS 2028
2.2.2 Building-to-Grid Technology Historic Market Size by Region (2017-2022)
2.2.3 Building-to-Grid Technology Forecasted Market Size by Region (2023-2028)
2.3 Building-to-Grid Technology Market Dynamics
2.3.1 Building-to-Grid Technology Industry Trends
2.3.2 Building-to-Grid Technology Market Drivers
2.3.3 Building-to-Grid Technology Market Challenges
2.3.4 Building-to-Grid Technology Market Restraints
3 Competition Landscape by Key Players
3.1 Global Top Building-to-Grid Technology Players by Revenue
3.1.1 Global Top Building-to-Grid Technology Players by Revenue (2017-2022)
3.1.2 Global Building-to-Grid Technology Revenue Market Share by Players (2017-2022)
3.2 Global Building-to-Grid Technology Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3)
3.3 Players Covered: Ranking by Building-to-Grid Technology Revenue
3.4 Global Building-to-Grid Technology Market Concentration Ratio
3.4.1 Global Building-to-Grid Technology Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
3.4.2 Global Top 10 and Top 5 Companies by Building-to-Grid Technology Revenue in 2021
3.5 Building-to-Grid Technology Key Players Head office and Area Served
3.6 Key Players Building-to-Grid Technology Product Solution and Service
3.7 Date of Enter into Building-to-Grid Technology Market
3.8 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
4 Building-to-Grid Technology Breakdown Data by Type
4.1 Global Building-to-Grid Technology Historic Market Size by Type (2017-2022)
4.2 Global Building-to-Grid Technology Forecasted Market Size by Type (2023-2028)
5 Building-to-Grid Technology Breakdown Data by Application
5.1 Global Building-to-Grid Technology Historic Market Size by Application (2017-2022)
5.2 Global Building-to-Grid Technology Forecasted Market Size by Application (2023-2028)
6 North America
6.1 North America Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size (2017-2028)
6.2 North America Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size by Type
6.2.1 North America Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size by Type (2017-2022)
6.2.2 North America Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size by Type (2023-2028)
6.2.3 North America Building-to-Grid Technology Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
6.3 North America Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size by Application
6.3.1 North America Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size by Application (2017-2022)
6.3.2 North America Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size by Application (2023-2028)
6.3.3 North America Building-to-Grid Technology Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
6.4 North America Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size by Country
6.4.1 North America Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size by Country (2017-2022)
6.4.2 North America Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size by Country (2023-2028)
6.4.3 U.S.
6.4.4 Canada
7 Europe
7.1 Europe Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size (2017-2028)
7.2 Europe Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size by Type
7.2.1 Europe Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size by Type (2017-2022)
7.2.2 Europe Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size by Type (2023-2028)
7.2.3 Europe Building-to-Grid Technology Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
7.3 Europe Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size by Application
7.3.1 Europe Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size by Application (2017-2022)
7.3.2 Europe Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size by Application (2023-2028)
7.3.3 Europe Building-to-Grid Technology Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
7.4 Europe Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size by Country
7.4.1 Europe Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size by Country (2017-2022)
7.4.2 Europe Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size by Country (2023-2028)
7.4.3 Germany
7.4.4 France
7.4.5 U.K.
7.4.6 Italy
7.4.7 Russia
7.4.8 Nordic Countries
8 Asia-Pacific
8.1 Asia-Pacific Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size (2017-2028)
8.2 Asia-Pacific Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size by Type
8.2.1 Asia-Pacific Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size by Type (2017-2022)
8.2.2 Asia-Pacific Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size by Type (2023-2028)
8.2.3 Asia-Pacific Building-to-Grid Technology Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
8.3 Asia-Pacific Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size by Application
8.3.1 Asia-Pacific Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size by Application (2017-2022)
8.3.2 Asia-Pacific Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size by Application (2023-2028)
8.3.3 Asia-Pacific Building-to-Grid Technology Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
8.4 Asia-Pacific Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size by Region
8.4.1 Asia-Pacific Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size by Region (2017-2022)
8.4.2 Asia-Pacific Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size by Region (2023-2028)
8.4.3 China
8.4.4 Japan
8.4.5 South Korea
8.4.6 Southeast Asia
8.4.7 India
8.4.8 Australia
9 Latin America
9.1 Latin America Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size (2017-2028)
9.2 Latin America Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size by Type
9.2.1 Latin America Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size by Type (2017-2022)
9.2.2 Latin America Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size by Type (2023-2028)
9.2.3 Latin America Building-to-Grid Technology Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
9.3 Latin America Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size by Application
9.3.1 Latin America Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size by Application (2017-2022)
9.3.2 Latin America Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size by Application (2023-2028)
9.3.3 Latin America Building-to-Grid Technology Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
9.4 Latin America Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size by Country
9.4.1 Latin America Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size by Country (2017-2022)
9.4.2 Latin America Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size by Country (2023-2028)
9.4.3 Mexico
9.4.4 Brazil
10 Middle East & Africa
10.1 Middle East & Africa Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size (2017-2028)
10.2 Middle East & Africa Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size by Type
10.2.1 Middle East & Africa Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size by Type (2017-2022)
10.2.2 Middle East & Africa Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size by Type (2023-2028)
10.2.3 Middle East & Africa Building-to-Grid Technology Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
10.3 Middle East & Africa Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size by Application
10.3.1 Middle East & Africa Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size by Application (2017-2022)
10.3.2 Middle East & Africa Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size by Application (2023-2028)
10.3.3 Middle East & Africa Building-to-Grid Technology Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
10.4 Middle East & Africa Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size by Country
10.4.1 Middle East & Africa Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size by Country (2017-2022)
10.4.2 Middle East & Africa Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size by Country (2023-2028)
10.4.3 Turkey
10.4.4 Saudi Arabia
10.4.5 UAE
11 Key Players Profiles
11.1 Alphastruxure
11.1.1 Alphastruxure Company Details
11.1.2 Alphastruxure Business Overview
11.1.3 Alphastruxure Building-to-Grid Technology Introduction
11.1.4 Alphastruxure Revenue in Building-to-Grid Technology Business (2017-2022)
11.1.5 Alphastruxure Recent Developments
11.2 Bloom Energy
11.2.1 Bloom Energy Company Details
11.2.2 Bloom Energy Business Overview
11.2.3 Bloom Energy Building-to-Grid Technology Introduction
11.2.4 Bloom Energy Revenue in Building-to-Grid Technology Business (2017-2022)
11.2.5 Bloom Energy Recent Developments
11.3 BoxPower
11.3.1 BoxPower Company Details
11.3.2 BoxPower Business Overview
11.3.3 BoxPower Building-to-Grid Technology Introduction
11.3.4 BoxPower Revenue in Building-to-Grid Technology Business (2017-2022)
11.3.5 BoxPower Recent Developments
11.4 Eaton
11.4.1 Eaton Company Details
11.4.2 Eaton Business Overview
11.4.3 Eaton Building-to-Grid Technology Introduction
11.4.4 Eaton Revenue in Building-to-Grid Technology Business (2017-2022)
11.4.5 Eaton Recent Developments
11.5 Gridscape Solutions
11.5.1 Gridscape Solutions Company Details
11.5.2 Gridscape Solutions Business Overview
11.5.3 Gridscape Solutions Building-to-Grid Technology Introduction
11.5.4 Gridscape Solutions Revenue in Building-to-Grid Technology Business (2017-2022)
11.5.5 Gridscape Solutions Recent Developments
11.6 Saft
11.6.1 Saft Company Details
11.6.2 Saft Business Overview
11.6.3 Saft Building-to-Grid Technology Introduction
11.6.4 Saft Revenue in Building-to-Grid Technology Business (2017-2022)
11.6.5 Saft Recent Developments
11.7 Siemens
11.7.1 Siemens Company Details
11.7.2 Siemens Business Overview
11.7.3 Siemens Building-to-Grid Technology Introduction
11.7.4 Siemens Revenue in Building-to-Grid Technology Business (2017-2022)
11.7.5 Siemens Recent Developments
12 Analyst's Viewpoints/Conclusions
13 Appendix
13.1 Research Methodology
13.1.1 Methodology/Research Approach
13.1.2 Data Source
13.2 Author Details
13.3 Disclaimer
List of Tables
Table 1. Global Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size Growth Rate by Type (US$ Million), 2017 VS 2021 VS 2028
Table 2. Key Players of Software
Table 3. Key Players of Hardware
Table 4. Global Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size Growth Rate by Application (US$ Million), 2017 VS 2021 VS 2028
Table 5. Global Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size by Region (US$ Million): 2017 VS 2021 VS 2028
Table 6. Global Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size by Region (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 7. Global Building-to-Grid Technology Market Share by Region (2017-2022)
Table 8. Global Building-to-Grid Technology Forecasted Market Size by Region (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 9. Global Building-to-Grid Technology Market Share by Region (2023-2028)
Table 10. Building-to-Grid Technology Market Trends
Table 11. Building-to-Grid Technology Market Drivers
Table 12. Building-to-Grid Technology Market Challenges
Table 13. Building-to-Grid Technology Market Restraints
Table 14. Global Building-to-Grid Technology Revenue by Players (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 15. Global Building-to-Grid Technology Revenue Share by Players (2017-2022)
Table 16. Global Top Building-to-Grid Technology by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3) & (based on the Revenue in Building-to-Grid Technology as of 2021)
Table 17. Ranking of Global Top Building-to-Grid Technology Companies by Revenue (US$ Million) in 2021
Table 18. Global 5 Largest Players Market Share by Building-to-Grid Technology Revenue (CR5 and HHI) & (2017-2022)
Table 19. Key Players Headquarters and Area Served
Table 20. Key Players Building-to-Grid Technology Product Solution and Service
Table 21. Date of Enter into Building-to-Grid Technology Market
Table 22. Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
Table 23. Global Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size by Type (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 24. Global Building-to-Grid Technology Revenue Market Share by Type (2017-2022)
Table 25. Global Building-to-Grid Technology Forecasted Market Size by Type (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 26. Global Building-to-Grid Technology Revenue Market Share by Type (2023-2028)
Table 27. Global Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size by Application (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 28. Global Building-to-Grid Technology Revenue Share by Application (2017-2022)
Table 29. Global Building-to-Grid Technology Forecasted Market Size by Application (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 30. Global Building-to-Grid Technology Revenue Share by Application (2023-2028)
Table 31. North America Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size by Type (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 32. North America Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size by Type (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 33. North America Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size by Application (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 34. North America Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size by Application (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 35. North America Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size by Country (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 36. North America Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size by Country (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 37. Europe Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size by Type (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 38. Europe Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size by Type (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 39. Europe Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size by Application (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 40. Europe Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size by Application (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 41. Europe Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size by Country (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 42. Europe Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size by Country (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 43. Asia Pacific Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size by Type (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 44. Asia Pacific Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size by Type (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 45. Asia Pacific Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size by Application (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 46. Asia Pacific Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size by Application (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 47. Asia Pacific Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size by Region (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 48. Asia Pacific Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size by Region (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 49. Latin America Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size by Type (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 50. Latin America Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size by Type (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 51. Latin America Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size by Application (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 52. Latin America Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size by Application (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 53. Latin America Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size by Country (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 54. Latin America Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size by Country (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 55. Middle East and Africa Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size by Type (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 56. Middle East and Africa Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size by Type (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 57. Middle East and Africa Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size by Application (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 58. Middle East and Africa Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size by Application (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 59. Middle East and Africa Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size by Country (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 60. Middle East and Africa Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size by Country (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 61. Alphastruxure Company Details
Table 62. Alphastruxure Business Overview
Table 63. Alphastruxure Building-to-Grid Technology Product
Table 64. Alphastruxure Revenue in Building-to-Grid Technology Business (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 65. Alphastruxure Recent Developments
Table 66. Bloom Energy Company Details
Table 67. Bloom Energy Business Overview
Table 68. Bloom Energy Building-to-Grid Technology Product
Table 69. Bloom Energy Revenue in Building-to-Grid Technology Business (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 70. Bloom Energy Recent Developments
Table 71. BoxPower Company Details
Table 72. BoxPower Business Overview
Table 73. BoxPower Building-to-Grid Technology Product
Table 74. BoxPower Revenue in Building-to-Grid Technology Business (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 75. BoxPower Recent Developments
Table 76. Eaton Company Details
Table 77. Eaton Business Overview
Table 78. Eaton Building-to-Grid Technology Product
Table 79. Eaton Revenue in Building-to-Grid Technology Business (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 80. Eaton Recent Developments
Table 81. Gridscape Solutions Company Details
Table 82. Gridscape Solutions Business Overview
Table 83. Gridscape Solutions Building-to-Grid Technology Product
Table 84. Gridscape Solutions Revenue in Building-to-Grid Technology Business (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 85. Gridscape Solutions Recent Developments
Table 86. Saft Company Details
Table 87. Saft Business Overview
Table 88. Saft Building-to-Grid Technology Product
Table 89. Saft Revenue in Building-to-Grid Technology Business (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 90. Saft Recent Developments
Table 91. Siemens Company Details
Table 92. Siemens Business Overview
Table 93. Siemens Building-to-Grid Technology Product
Table 94. Siemens Revenue in Building-to-Grid Technology Business (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 95. Siemens Recent Developments
Table 96. Research Programs/Design for This Report
Table 97. Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table 98. Key Data Information from Primary Sources
List of Figures
Figure 1. Global Building-to-Grid Technology Market Share by Type: 2021 VS 2028
Figure 2. Software Features
Figure 3. Hardware Features
Figure 4. Global Building-to-Grid Technology Market Share by Application: 2021 VS 2028
Figure 5. Commercial Case Studies
Figure 6. Industrial Case Studies
Figure 7. Building-to-Grid Technology Report Years Considered
Figure 8. Global Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size (US$ Million), Year-over-Year: 2017-2028
Figure 9. Global Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size, (US$ Million), 2017 VS 2021 VS 2028
Figure 10. Global Building-to-Grid Technology Market Share by Region: 2021 VS 2028
Figure 11. Global Building-to-Grid Technology Market Share by Players in 2021
Figure 12. Global Top Building-to-Grid Technology Players by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3) & (based on the Revenue in Building-to-Grid Technology as of 2021)
Figure 13. The Top 10 and 5 Players Market Share by Building-to-Grid Technology Revenue in 2021
Figure 14. North America Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size YoY (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 15. North America Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 16. North America Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 17. North America Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size Share by Country (2017-2028)
Figure 18. United States Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size YoY Growth (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 19. Canada Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size YoY Growth (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 20. Europe Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size YoY (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 21. Europe Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 22. Europe Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 23. Europe Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size Share by Country (2017-2028)
Figure 24. Germany Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size YoY Growth (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 25. France Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size YoY Growth (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 26. U.K. Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size YoY Growth (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 27. Italy Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size YoY Growth (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 28. Russia Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size YoY Growth (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 29. Nordic Countries Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size YoY Growth (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 30. Asia-Pacific Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size YoY (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 31. Asia Pacific Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 32. Asia Pacific Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 33. Asia Pacific Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size Share by Region (2017-2028)
Figure 34. China Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size YoY Growth (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 35. Japan Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size YoY Growth (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 36. South Korea Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size YoY Growth (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 37. Southeast Asia Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size YoY Growth (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 38. India Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size YoY Growth (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 39. Australia Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size YoY Growth (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
List of Figures
Figure 40. Latin America Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size YoY (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 41. Latin America Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 42. Latin America Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 43. Latin America Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size Share by Country (2017-2028)
Figure 44. Mexico Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size YoY Growth (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 45. Brazil Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size YoY Growth (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 46. Middle East & Africa Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size YoY (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 47. Middle East and Africa Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 48. Middle East and Africa Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 49. Middle East and Africa Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size Share by Country (2017-2028)
Figure 50. Turkey Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size YoY Growth (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 51. Saudi Arabia Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size YoY Growth (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 52. UAE Building-to-Grid Technology Market Size YoY Growth (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 53. Alphastruxure Revenue Growth Rate in Building-to-Grid Technology Business (2017-2022)
Figure 54. Bloom Energy Revenue Growth Rate in Building-to-Grid Technology Business (2017-2022)
Figure 55. BoxPower Revenue Growth Rate in Building-to-Grid Technology Business (2017-2022)
Figure 56. Eaton Revenue Growth Rate in Building-to-Grid Technology Business (2017-2022)
Figure 57. Gridscape Solutions Revenue Growth Rate in Building-to-Grid Technology Business (2017-2022)
Figure 58. Saft Revenue Growth Rate in Building-to-Grid Technology Business (2017-2022)
Figure 59. Siemens Revenue Growth Rate in Building-to-Grid Technology Business (2017-2022)
Figure 60. Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure 61. Data Triangulation
Figure 62. Key Executives Interviewed