Sport Supporter and Forecast Market
1 Introduction to Research & Analysis Reports
1.1 Sport Supporter Market Definition
1.2 Market Segments
1.2.1 Market by Type
1.2.2 Market by Application
1.3 Global Sport Supporter Market Overview
1.4 Features & Benefits of This Report
1.5 Methodology & Sources of Information
1.5.1 Research Methodology
1.5.2 Research Process
1.5.3 Base Year
1.5.4 Report Assumptions & Caveats
2 Global Sport Supporter Overall Market Size
2.1 Global Sport Supporter Market Size: 2022 VS 2032
2.2 Global Sport Supporter Revenue, Prospects & Forecasts: 2018-2032
2.3 Global Sport Supporter Sales: 2018-2032
3 Company Landscape
3.1 Top Sport Supporter Players in Global Market
3.2 Top Global Sport Supporter Companies Ranked by Revenue
3.3 Global Sport Supporter Revenue by Companies
3.4 Global Sport Supporter Sales by Companies
3.5 Global Sport Supporter Price by Manufacturer (2018-2023)
3.6 Top 3 and Top 5 Sport Supporter Companies in Global Market, by Revenue in 2022
3.7 Global Manufacturers Sport Supporter Product Type
3.8 Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 Sport Supporter Players in Global Market
3.8.1 List of Global Tier 1 Sport Supporter Companies
3.8.2 List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Sport Supporter Companies
4 Sights by Product
4.1 Overview
4.1.1 By Type - Global Sport Supporter Market Size Markets, 2022 & 2032
4.1.2 Knee
4.1.3 Back
4.1.4 Wrist
4.1.5 Elbow
4.1.6 Ankle
4.1.7 Others
4.2 By Type - Global Sport Supporter Revenue & Forecasts
4.2.1 By Type - Global Sport Supporter Revenue, 2018-2023
4.2.2 By Type - Global Sport Supporter Revenue, 2024-2032
4.2.3 By Type - Global Sport Supporter Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
4.3 By Type - Global Sport Supporter Sales & Forecasts
4.3.1 By Type - Global Sport Supporter Sales, 2018-2023
4.3.2 By Type - Global Sport Supporter Sales, 2024-2032
4.3.3 By Type - Global Sport Supporter Sales Market Share, 2018-2032
4.4 By Type - Global Sport Supporter Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2018-2032
5 Sights by Application
5.1 Overview
5.1.1 By Application - Global Sport Supporter Market Size, 2022 & 2032
5.1.2 Pharmacy
5.1.3 Hypermarket
5.1.4 E-commerce
5.1.5 Others
5.2 By Application - Global Sport Supporter Revenue & Forecasts
5.2.1 By Application - Global Sport Supporter Revenue, 2018-2023
5.2.2 By Application - Global Sport Supporter Revenue, 2024-2032
5.2.3 By Application - Global Sport Supporter Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
5.3 By Application - Global Sport Supporter Sales & Forecasts
5.3.1 By Application - Global Sport Supporter Sales, 2018-2023
5.3.2 By Application - Global Sport Supporter Sales, 2024-2032
5.3.3 By Application - Global Sport Supporter Sales Market Share, 2018-2032
5.4 By Application - Global Sport Supporter Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2018-2032
6 Sights by Region
6.1 By Region - Global Sport Supporter Market Size, 2022 & 2032
6.2 By Region - Global Sport Supporter Revenue & Forecasts
6.2.1 By Region - Global Sport Supporter Revenue, 2018-2023
6.2.2 By Region - Global Sport Supporter Revenue, 2024-2032
6.2.3 By Region - Global Sport Supporter Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
6.3 By Region - Global Sport Supporter Sales & Forecasts
6.3.1 By Region - Global Sport Supporter Sales, 2018-2023
6.3.2 By Region - Global Sport Supporter Sales, 2024-2032
6.3.3 By Region - Global Sport Supporter Sales Market Share, 2018-2032
6.4 North America
6.4.1 By Country - North America Sport Supporter Revenue, 2018-2032
6.4.2 By Country - North America Sport Supporter Sales, 2018-2032
6.4.3 US Sport Supporter Market Size, 2018-2032
6.4.4 Canada Sport Supporter Market Size, 2018-2032
6.4.5 Mexico Sport Supporter Market Size, 2018-2032
6.5 Europe
6.5.1 By Country - Europe Sport Supporter Revenue, 2018-2032
6.5.2 By Country - Europe Sport Supporter Sales, 2018-2032
6.5.3 Germany Sport Supporter Market Size, 2018-2032
6.5.4 France Sport Supporter Market Size, 2018-2032
6.5.5 U.K. Sport Supporter Market Size, 2018-2032
6.5.6 Italy Sport Supporter Market Size, 2018-2032
6.5.7 Russia Sport Supporter Market Size, 2018-2032
6.5.8 Nordic Countries Sport Supporter Market Size, 2018-2032
6.5.9 Benelux Sport Supporter Market Size, 2018-2032
6.6 Asia
6.6.1 By Region - Asia Sport Supporter Revenue, 2018-2032
6.6.2 By Region - Asia Sport Supporter Sales, 2018-2032
6.6.3 China Sport Supporter Market Size, 2018-2032
6.6.4 Japan Sport Supporter Market Size, 2018-2032
6.6.5 South Korea Sport Supporter Market Size, 2018-2032
6.6.6 Southeast Asia Sport Supporter Market Size, 2018-2032
6.6.7 India Sport Supporter Market Size, 2018-2032
6.7 South America
6.7.1 By Country - South America Sport Supporter Revenue, 2018-2032
6.7.2 By Country - South America Sport Supporter Sales, 2018-2032
6.7.3 Brazil Sport Supporter Market Size, 2018-2032
6.7.4 Argentina Sport Supporter Market Size, 2018-2032
6.8 Middle East & Africa
6.8.1 By Country - Middle East & Africa Sport Supporter Revenue, 2018-2032
6.8.2 By Country - Middle East & Africa Sport Supporter Sales, 2018-2032
6.8.3 Turkey Sport Supporter Market Size, 2018-2032
6.8.4 Israel Sport Supporter Market Size, 2018-2032
6.8.5 Saudi Arabia Sport Supporter Market Size, 2018-2032
6.8.6 UAE Sport Supporter Market Size, 2018-2032
7 Manufacturers & Brands Profiles
7.1 FUTURO
7.1.1 FUTURO Company Summary
7.1.2 FUTURO Business Overview
7.1.3 FUTURO Sport Supporter Major Product Offerings
7.1.4 FUTURO Sport Supporter Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.1.5 FUTURO Key News & Latest Developments
7.2 Li-Ning
7.2.1 Li-Ning Company Summary
7.2.2 Li-Ning Business Overview
7.2.3 Li-Ning Sport Supporter Major Product Offerings
7.2.4 Li-Ning Sport Supporter Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.2.5 Li-Ning Key News & Latest Developments
7.3 LP
7.3.1 LP Company Summary
7.3.2 LP Business Overview
7.3.3 LP Sport Supporter Major Product Offerings
7.3.4 LP Sport Supporter Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.3.5 LP Key News & Latest Developments
7.4 McDavid
7.4.1 McDavid Company Summary
7.4.2 McDavid Business Overview
7.4.3 McDavid Sport Supporter Major Product Offerings
7.4.4 McDavid Sport Supporter Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.4.5 McDavid Key News & Latest Developments
7.5 ZAMST
7.5.1 ZAMST Company Summary
7.5.2 ZAMST Business Overview
7.5.3 ZAMST Sport Supporter Major Product Offerings
7.5.4 ZAMST Sport Supporter Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.5.5 ZAMST Key News & Latest Developments
7.6 AQ-SUPPORT
7.6.1 AQ-SUPPORT Company Summary
7.6.2 AQ-SUPPORT Business Overview
7.6.3 AQ-SUPPORT Sport Supporter Major Product Offerings
7.6.4 AQ-SUPPORT Sport Supporter Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.6.5 AQ-SUPPORT Key News & Latest Developments
7.7 NAILEKESI
7.7.1 NAILEKESI Company Summary
7.7.2 NAILEKESI Business Overview
7.7.3 NAILEKESI Sport Supporter Major Product Offerings
7.7.4 NAILEKESI Sport Supporter Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.7.5 NAILEKESI Key News & Latest Developments
7.8 TA LAI Jasper
7.8.1 TA LAI Jasper Company Summary
7.8.2 TA LAI Jasper Business Overview
7.8.3 TA LAI Jasper Sport Supporter Major Product Offerings
7.8.4 TA LAI Jasper Sport Supporter Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.8.5 TA LAI Jasper Key News & Latest Developments
7.9 STERIGER
7.9.1 STERIGER Company Summary
7.9.2 STERIGER Business Overview
7.9.3 STERIGER Sport Supporter Major Product Offerings
7.9.4 STERIGER Sport Supporter Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.9.5 STERIGER Key News & Latest Developments
7.10 YASCO
7.10.1 YASCO Company Summary
7.10.2 YASCO Business Overview
7.10.3 YASCO Sport Supporter Major Product Offerings
7.10.4 YASCO Sport Supporter Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.10.5 YASCO Key News & Latest Developments
7.11 Phiten
7.11.1 Phiten Company Summary
7.11.2 Phiten Sport Supporter Business Overview
7.11.3 Phiten Sport Supporter Major Product Offerings
7.11.4 Phiten Sport Supporter Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.11.5 Phiten Key News & Latest Developments
7.12 Aolikes
7.12.1 Aolikes Company Summary
7.12.2 Aolikes Sport Supporter Business Overview
7.12.3 Aolikes Sport Supporter Major Product Offerings
7.12.4 Aolikes Sport Supporter Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.12.5 Aolikes Key News & Latest Developments
7.13 Rigorer
7.13.1 Rigorer Company Summary
7.13.2 Rigorer Sport Supporter Business Overview
7.13.3 Rigorer Sport Supporter Major Product Offerings
7.13.4 Rigorer Sport Supporter Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.13.5 Rigorer Key News & Latest Developments
8 Global Sport Supporter Production Capacity, Analysis
8.1 Global Sport Supporter Production Capacity, 2018-2032
8.2 Sport Supporter Production Capacity of Key Manufacturers in Global Market
8.3 Global Sport Supporter Production by Region
9 Key Market Trends, Opportunity, Drivers and Restraints
9.1 Market Opportunities & Trends
9.2 Market Drivers
9.3 Market Restraints
10 Sport Supporter Supply Chain Analysis
10.1 Sport Supporter Industry Value Chain
10.2 Sport Supporter Upstream Market
10.3 Sport Supporter Downstream and Clients
10.4 Marketing Channels Analysis
10.4.1 Marketing Channels
10.4.2 Sport Supporter Distributors and Sales Agents in Global
11 Conclusion
12 Appendix
12.1 Note
12.2 Examples of Clients
12.3 Disclaimer
List of Tables
Table 1. Key Players of Sport Supporter in Global Market
Table 2. Top Sport Supporter Players in Global Market, Ranking by Revenue (2022)
Table 3. Global Sport Supporter Revenue by Companies, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 4. Global Sport Supporter Revenue Share by Companies, 2018-2023
Table 5. Global Sport Supporter Sales by Companies, (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 6. Global Sport Supporter Sales Share by Companies, 2018-2023
Table 7. Key Manufacturers Sport Supporter Price (2018-2023) & (US$/Unit)
Table 8. Global Manufacturers Sport Supporter Product Type
Table 9. List of Global Tier 1 Sport Supporter Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2022 and Market Share
Table 10. List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Sport Supporter Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2022 and Market Share
Table 11. By Type ? Global Sport Supporter Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2032
Table 12. By Type - Global Sport Supporter Revenue (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 13. By Type - Global Sport Supporter Revenue (US$, Mn), 2024-2032
Table 14. By Type - Global Sport Supporter Sales (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 15. By Type - Global Sport Supporter Sales (K Units), 2024-2032
Table 16. By Application ? Global Sport Supporter Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2032
Table 17. By Application - Global Sport Supporter Revenue (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 18. By Application - Global Sport Supporter Revenue (US$, Mn), 2024-2032
Table 19. By Application - Global Sport Supporter Sales (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 20. By Application - Global Sport Supporter Sales (K Units), 2024-2032
Table 21. By Region ? Global Sport Supporter Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 VS 2032
Table 22. By Region - Global Sport Supporter Revenue (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 23. By Region - Global Sport Supporter Revenue (US$, Mn), 2024-2032
Table 24. By Region - Global Sport Supporter Sales (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 25. By Region - Global Sport Supporter Sales (K Units), 2024-2032
Table 26. By Country - North America Sport Supporter Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 27. By Country - North America Sport Supporter Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2032
Table 28. By Country - North America Sport Supporter Sales, (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 29. By Country - North America Sport Supporter Sales, (K Units), 2024-2032
Table 30. By Country - Europe Sport Supporter Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 31. By Country - Europe Sport Supporter Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2032
Table 32. By Country - Europe Sport Supporter Sales, (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 33. By Country - Europe Sport Supporter Sales, (K Units), 2024-2032
Table 34. By Region - Asia Sport Supporter Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 35. By Region - Asia Sport Supporter Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2032
Table 36. By Region - Asia Sport Supporter Sales, (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 37. By Region - Asia Sport Supporter Sales, (K Units), 2024-2032
Table 38. By Country - South America Sport Supporter Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 39. By Country - South America Sport Supporter Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2032
Table 40. By Country - South America Sport Supporter Sales, (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 41. By Country - South America Sport Supporter Sales, (K Units), 2024-2032
Table 42. By Country - Middle East & Africa Sport Supporter Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 43. By Country - Middle East & Africa Sport Supporter Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2032
Table 44. By Country - Middle East & Africa Sport Supporter Sales, (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 45. By Country - Middle East & Africa Sport Supporter Sales, (K Units), 2024-2032
Table 46. FUTURO Company Summary
Table 47. FUTURO Sport Supporter Product Offerings
Table 48. FUTURO Sport Supporter Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 49. FUTURO Key News & Latest Developments
Table 50. Li-Ning Company Summary
Table 51. Li-Ning Sport Supporter Product Offerings
Table 52. Li-Ning Sport Supporter Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 53. Li-Ning Key News & Latest Developments
Table 54. LP Company Summary
Table 55. LP Sport Supporter Product Offerings
Table 56. LP Sport Supporter Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 57. LP Key News & Latest Developments
Table 58. McDavid Company Summary
Table 59. McDavid Sport Supporter Product Offerings
Table 60. McDavid Sport Supporter Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 61. McDavid Key News & Latest Developments
Table 62. ZAMST Company Summary
Table 63. ZAMST Sport Supporter Product Offerings
Table 64. ZAMST Sport Supporter Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 65. ZAMST Key News & Latest Developments
Table 66. AQ-SUPPORT Company Summary
Table 67. AQ-SUPPORT Sport Supporter Product Offerings
Table 68. AQ-SUPPORT Sport Supporter Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 69. AQ-SUPPORT Key News & Latest Developments
Table 70. NAILEKESI Company Summary
Table 71. NAILEKESI Sport Supporter Product Offerings
Table 72. NAILEKESI Sport Supporter Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 73. NAILEKESI Key News & Latest Developments
Table 74. TA LAI Jasper Company Summary
Table 75. TA LAI Jasper Sport Supporter Product Offerings
Table 76. TA LAI Jasper Sport Supporter Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 77. TA LAI Jasper Key News & Latest Developments
Table 78. STERIGER Company Summary
Table 79. STERIGER Sport Supporter Product Offerings
Table 80. STERIGER Sport Supporter Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 81. STERIGER Key News & Latest Developments
Table 82. YASCO Company Summary
Table 83. YASCO Sport Supporter Product Offerings
Table 84. YASCO Sport Supporter Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 85. YASCO Key News & Latest Developments
Table 86. Phiten Company Summary
Table 87. Phiten Sport Supporter Product Offerings
Table 88. Phiten Sport Supporter Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 89. Phiten Key News & Latest Developments
Table 90. Aolikes Company Summary
Table 91. Aolikes Sport Supporter Product Offerings
Table 92. Aolikes Sport Supporter Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 93. Aolikes Key News & Latest Developments
Table 94. Rigorer Company Summary
Table 95. Rigorer Sport Supporter Product Offerings
Table 96. Rigorer Sport Supporter Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 97. Rigorer Key News & Latest Developments
Table 98. Sport Supporter Production Capacity (K Units) of Key Manufacturers in Global Market, 2021-2023 (K Units)
Table 99. Global Sport Supporter Capacity Market Share of Key Manufacturers, 2021-2023
Table 100. Global Sport Supporter Production by Region, 2018-2023 (K Units)
Table 101. Global Sport Supporter Production by Region, 2024-2032 (K Units)
Table 102. Sport Supporter Market Opportunities & Trends in Global Market
Table 103. Sport Supporter Market Drivers in Global Market
Table 104. Sport Supporter Market Restraints in Global Market
Table 105. Sport Supporter Raw Materials
Table 106. Sport Supporter Raw Materials Suppliers in Global Market
Table 107. Typical Sport Supporter Downstream
Table 108. Sport Supporter Downstream Clients in Global Market
Table 109. Sport Supporter Distributors and Sales Agents in Global Market
List of Figures
Figure 1. Sport Supporter Segment by Type in 2022
Figure 2. Sport Supporter Segment by Application in 2022
Figure 3. Global Sport Supporter Market Overview: 2022
Figure 4. Key Caveats
Figure 5. Global Sport Supporter Market Size: 2022 VS 2032 (US$, Mn)
Figure 6. Global Sport Supporter Revenue, 2018-2032 (US$, Mn)
Figure 7. Sport Supporter Sales in Global Market: 2018-2032 (K Units)
Figure 8. The Top 3 and 5 Players Market Share by Sport Supporter Revenue in 2022
Figure 9. By Type - Global Sport Supporter Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2032
Figure 10. By Type - Global Sport Supporter Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 11. By Type - Global Sport Supporter Sales Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 12. By Type - Global Sport Supporter Price (US$/Unit), 2018-2032
Figure 13. By Application - Global Sport Supporter Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2032
Figure 14. By Application - Global Sport Supporter Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 15. By Application - Global Sport Supporter Sales Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 16. By Application - Global Sport Supporter Price (US$/Unit), 2018-2032
Figure 17. By Region - Global Sport Supporter Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2032
Figure 18. By Region - Global Sport Supporter Revenue Market Share, 2018 VS 2022 VS 2032
Figure 19. By Region - Global Sport Supporter Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 20. By Region - Global Sport Supporter Sales Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 21. By Country - North America Sport Supporter Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 22. By Country - North America Sport Supporter Sales Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 23. US Sport Supporter Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 24. Canada Sport Supporter Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 25. Mexico Sport Supporter Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 26. By Country - Europe Sport Supporter Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 27. By Country - Europe Sport Supporter Sales Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 28. Germany Sport Supporter Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 29. France Sport Supporter Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 30. U.K. Sport Supporter Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 31. Italy Sport Supporter Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 32. Russia Sport Supporter Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 33. Nordic Countries Sport Supporter Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 34. Benelux Sport Supporter Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 35. By Region - Asia Sport Supporter Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 36. By Region - Asia Sport Supporter Sales Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 37. China Sport Supporter Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 38. Japan Sport Supporter Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 39. South Korea Sport Supporter Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 40. Southeast Asia Sport Supporter Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 41. India Sport Supporter Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 42. By Country - South America Sport Supporter Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 43. By Country - South America Sport Supporter Sales Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 44. Brazil Sport Supporter Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 45. Argentina Sport Supporter Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 46. By Country - Middle East & Africa Sport Supporter Revenue Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 47. By Country - Middle East & Africa Sport Supporter Sales Market Share, 2018-2032
Figure 48. Turkey Sport Supporter Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 49. Israel Sport Supporter Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 50. Saudi Arabia Sport Supporter Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 51. UAE Sport Supporter Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2032
Figure 52. Global Sport Supporter Production Capacity (K Units), 2018-2032
Figure 53. The Percentage of Production Sport Supporter by Region, 2022 VS 2032
Figure 54. Sport Supporter Industry Value Chain
Figure 55. Marketing Channels