Customized Gift Boxes and Forecast Market
1 Introduction to Research & Analysis Reports
1.1 Customized Gift Boxes Market Definition
1.2 Market Segments
1.2.1 Market by Type
1.2.2 Market by Application
1.3 Global Customized Gift Boxes Market Overview
1.4 Features & Benefits of This Report
1.5 Methodology & Sources of Information
1.5.1 Research Methodology
1.5.2 Research Process
1.5.3 Base Year
1.5.4 Report Assumptions & Caveats
2 Global Customized Gift Boxes Overall Market Size
2.1 Global Customized Gift Boxes Market Size: 2022 VS 2029
2.2 Global Customized Gift Boxes Revenue, Prospects & Forecasts: 2018-2029
2.3 Global Customized Gift Boxes Sales: 2018-2029
3 Company Landscape
3.1 Top Customized Gift Boxes Players in Global Market
3.2 Top Global Customized Gift Boxes Companies Ranked by Revenue
3.3 Global Customized Gift Boxes Revenue by Companies
3.4 Global Customized Gift Boxes Sales by Companies
3.5 Global Customized Gift Boxes Price by Manufacturer (2018-2023)
3.6 Top 3 and Top 5 Customized Gift Boxes Companies in Global Market, by Revenue in 2022
3.7 Global Manufacturers Customized Gift Boxes Product Type
3.8 Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 Customized Gift Boxes Players in Global Market
3.8.1 List of Global Tier 1 Customized Gift Boxes Companies
3.8.2 List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Customized Gift Boxes Companies
4 Sights by Product
4.1 Overview
4.1.1 By Type - Global Customized Gift Boxes Market Size Markets, 2022 & 2029
4.1.2 Plastic Gift Boxes
4.1.3 Paper Gift Boxes
4.1.4 Other
4.2 By Type - Global Customized Gift Boxes Revenue & Forecasts
4.2.1 By Type - Global Customized Gift Boxes Revenue, 2018-2023
4.2.2 By Type - Global Customized Gift Boxes Revenue, 2024-2029
4.2.3 By Type - Global Customized Gift Boxes Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
4.3 By Type - Global Customized Gift Boxes Sales & Forecasts
4.3.1 By Type - Global Customized Gift Boxes Sales, 2018-2023
4.3.2 By Type - Global Customized Gift Boxes Sales, 2024-2029
4.3.3 By Type - Global Customized Gift Boxes Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
4.4 By Type - Global Customized Gift Boxes Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2018-2029
5 Sights by Application
5.1 Overview
5.1.1 By Application - Global Customized Gift Boxes Market Size, 2022 & 2029
5.1.2 Consumer Goods
5.1.3 Electronic Devices
5.1.4 Food and Beverages
5.1.5 Cosmetic and Personal Care
5.1.6 Others
5.2 By Application - Global Customized Gift Boxes Revenue & Forecasts
5.2.1 By Application - Global Customized Gift Boxes Revenue, 2018-2023
5.2.2 By Application - Global Customized Gift Boxes Revenue, 2024-2029
5.2.3 By Application - Global Customized Gift Boxes Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
5.3 By Application - Global Customized Gift Boxes Sales & Forecasts
5.3.1 By Application - Global Customized Gift Boxes Sales, 2018-2023
5.3.2 By Application - Global Customized Gift Boxes Sales, 2024-2029
5.3.3 By Application - Global Customized Gift Boxes Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
5.4 By Application - Global Customized Gift Boxes Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2018-2029
6 Sights by Region
6.1 By Region - Global Customized Gift Boxes Market Size, 2022 & 2029
6.2 By Region - Global Customized Gift Boxes Revenue & Forecasts
6.2.1 By Region - Global Customized Gift Boxes Revenue, 2018-2023
6.2.2 By Region - Global Customized Gift Boxes Revenue, 2024-2029
6.2.3 By Region - Global Customized Gift Boxes Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
6.3 By Region - Global Customized Gift Boxes Sales & Forecasts
6.3.1 By Region - Global Customized Gift Boxes Sales, 2018-2023
6.3.2 By Region - Global Customized Gift Boxes Sales, 2024-2029
6.3.3 By Region - Global Customized Gift Boxes Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
6.4 North America
6.4.1 By Country - North America Customized Gift Boxes Revenue, 2018-2029
6.4.2 By Country - North America Customized Gift Boxes Sales, 2018-2029
6.4.3 US Customized Gift Boxes Market Size, 2018-2029
6.4.4 Canada Customized Gift Boxes Market Size, 2018-2029
6.4.5 Mexico Customized Gift Boxes Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5 Europe
6.5.1 By Country - Europe Customized Gift Boxes Revenue, 2018-2029
6.5.2 By Country - Europe Customized Gift Boxes Sales, 2018-2029
6.5.3 Germany Customized Gift Boxes Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.4 France Customized Gift Boxes Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.5 U.K. Customized Gift Boxes Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.6 Italy Customized Gift Boxes Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.7 Russia Customized Gift Boxes Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.8 Nordic Countries Customized Gift Boxes Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.9 Benelux Customized Gift Boxes Market Size, 2018-2029
6.6 Asia
6.6.1 By Region - Asia Customized Gift Boxes Revenue, 2018-2029
6.6.2 By Region - Asia Customized Gift Boxes Sales, 2018-2029
6.6.3 China Customized Gift Boxes Market Size, 2018-2029
6.6.4 Japan Customized Gift Boxes Market Size, 2018-2029
6.6.5 South Korea Customized Gift Boxes Market Size, 2018-2029
6.6.6 Southeast Asia Customized Gift Boxes Market Size, 2018-2029
6.6.7 India Customized Gift Boxes Market Size, 2018-2029
6.7 South America
6.7.1 By Country - South America Customized Gift Boxes Revenue, 2018-2029
6.7.2 By Country - South America Customized Gift Boxes Sales, 2018-2029
6.7.3 Brazil Customized Gift Boxes Market Size, 2018-2029
6.7.4 Argentina Customized Gift Boxes Market Size, 2018-2029
6.8 Middle East & Africa
6.8.1 By Country - Middle East & Africa Customized Gift Boxes Revenue, 2018-2029
6.8.2 By Country - Middle East & Africa Customized Gift Boxes Sales, 2018-2029
6.8.3 Turkey Customized Gift Boxes Market Size, 2018-2029
6.8.4 Israel Customized Gift Boxes Market Size, 2018-2029
6.8.5 Saudi Arabia Customized Gift Boxes Market Size, 2018-2029
6.8.6 UAE Customized Gift Boxes Market Size, 2018-2029
7 Manufacturers & Brands Profiles
7.1 Qingdao Hongrui Industry
7.1.1 Qingdao Hongrui Industry Company Summary
7.1.2 Qingdao Hongrui Industry Business Overview
7.1.3 Qingdao Hongrui Industry Customized Gift Boxes Major Product Offerings
7.1.4 Qingdao Hongrui Industry Customized Gift Boxes Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.1.5 Qingdao Hongrui Industry Key News & Latest Developments
7.2 Shenzhen Fuxiang Gifts & Packaging
7.2.1 Shenzhen Fuxiang Gifts & Packaging Company Summary
7.2.2 Shenzhen Fuxiang Gifts & Packaging Business Overview
7.2.3 Shenzhen Fuxiang Gifts & Packaging Customized Gift Boxes Major Product Offerings
7.2.4 Shenzhen Fuxiang Gifts & Packaging Customized Gift Boxes Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.2.5 Shenzhen Fuxiang Gifts & Packaging Key News & Latest Developments
7.3 Bayley's Boxes
7.3.1 Bayley's Boxes Company Summary
7.3.2 Bayley's Boxes Business Overview
7.3.3 Bayley's Boxes Customized Gift Boxes Major Product Offerings
7.3.4 Bayley's Boxes Customized Gift Boxes Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.3.5 Bayley's Boxes Key News & Latest Developments
7.4 Varanna Industries
7.4.1 Varanna Industries Company Summary
7.4.2 Varanna Industries Business Overview
7.4.3 Varanna Industries Customized Gift Boxes Major Product Offerings
7.4.4 Varanna Industries Customized Gift Boxes Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.4.5 Varanna Industries Key News & Latest Developments
7.5 Shanghai Xianrong Packing
7.5.1 Shanghai Xianrong Packing Company Summary
7.5.2 Shanghai Xianrong Packing Business Overview
7.5.3 Shanghai Xianrong Packing Customized Gift Boxes Major Product Offerings
7.5.4 Shanghai Xianrong Packing Customized Gift Boxes Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.5.5 Shanghai Xianrong Packing Key News & Latest Developments
7.6 Om Express Print Pack Private
7.6.1 Om Express Print Pack Private Company Summary
7.6.2 Om Express Print Pack Private Business Overview
7.6.3 Om Express Print Pack Private Customized Gift Boxes Major Product Offerings
7.6.4 Om Express Print Pack Private Customized Gift Boxes Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.6.5 Om Express Print Pack Private Key News & Latest Developments
7.7 Valtenna Industria Cartotecnia
7.7.1 Valtenna Industria Cartotecnia Company Summary
7.7.2 Valtenna Industria Cartotecnia Business Overview
7.7.3 Valtenna Industria Cartotecnia Customized Gift Boxes Major Product Offerings
7.7.4 Valtenna Industria Cartotecnia Customized Gift Boxes Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.7.5 Valtenna Industria Cartotecnia Key News & Latest Developments
7.8 Shenzhen Tianya Paper Products
7.8.1 Shenzhen Tianya Paper Products Company Summary
7.8.2 Shenzhen Tianya Paper Products Business Overview
7.8.3 Shenzhen Tianya Paper Products Customized Gift Boxes Major Product Offerings
7.8.4 Shenzhen Tianya Paper Products Customized Gift Boxes Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.8.5 Shenzhen Tianya Paper Products Key News & Latest Developments
8 Global Customized Gift Boxes Production Capacity, Analysis
8.1 Global Customized Gift Boxes Production Capacity, 2018-2029
8.2 Customized Gift Boxes Production Capacity of Key Manufacturers in Global Market
8.3 Global Customized Gift Boxes Production by Region
9 Key Market Trends, Opportunity, Drivers and Restraints
9.1 Market Opportunities & Trends
9.2 Market Drivers
9.3 Market Restraints
10 Customized Gift Boxes Supply Chain Analysis
10.1 Customized Gift Boxes Industry Value Chain
10.2 Customized Gift Boxes Upstream Market
10.3 Customized Gift Boxes Downstream and Clients
10.4 Marketing Channels Analysis
10.4.1 Marketing Channels
10.4.2 Customized Gift Boxes Distributors and Sales Agents in Global
11 Conclusion
12 Appendix
12.1 Note
12.2 Examples of Clients
12.3 Disclaimer
List of Tables
Table 1. Key Players of Customized Gift Boxes in Global Market
Table 2. Top Customized Gift Boxes Players in Global Market, Ranking by Revenue (2022)
Table 3. Global Customized Gift Boxes Revenue by Companies, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 4. Global Customized Gift Boxes Revenue Share by Companies, 2018-2023
Table 5. Global Customized Gift Boxes Sales by Companies, (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 6. Global Customized Gift Boxes Sales Share by Companies, 2018-2023
Table 7. Key Manufacturers Customized Gift Boxes Price (2018-2023) & (US$/Unit)
Table 8. Global Manufacturers Customized Gift Boxes Product Type
Table 9. List of Global Tier 1 Customized Gift Boxes Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2022 and Market Share
Table 10. List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Customized Gift Boxes Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2022 and Market Share
Table 11. By Type ? Global Customized Gift Boxes Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2029
Table 12. By Type - Global Customized Gift Boxes Revenue (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 13. By Type - Global Customized Gift Boxes Revenue (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 14. By Type - Global Customized Gift Boxes Sales (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 15. By Type - Global Customized Gift Boxes Sales (K Units), 2024-2029
Table 16. By Application ? Global Customized Gift Boxes Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2029
Table 17. By Application - Global Customized Gift Boxes Revenue (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 18. By Application - Global Customized Gift Boxes Revenue (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 19. By Application - Global Customized Gift Boxes Sales (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 20. By Application - Global Customized Gift Boxes Sales (K Units), 2024-2029
Table 21. By Region ? Global Customized Gift Boxes Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 VS 2029
Table 22. By Region - Global Customized Gift Boxes Revenue (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 23. By Region - Global Customized Gift Boxes Revenue (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 24. By Region - Global Customized Gift Boxes Sales (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 25. By Region - Global Customized Gift Boxes Sales (K Units), 2024-2029
Table 26. By Country - North America Customized Gift Boxes Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 27. By Country - North America Customized Gift Boxes Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 28. By Country - North America Customized Gift Boxes Sales, (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 29. By Country - North America Customized Gift Boxes Sales, (K Units), 2024-2029
Table 30. By Country - Europe Customized Gift Boxes Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 31. By Country - Europe Customized Gift Boxes Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 32. By Country - Europe Customized Gift Boxes Sales, (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 33. By Country - Europe Customized Gift Boxes Sales, (K Units), 2024-2029
Table 34. By Region - Asia Customized Gift Boxes Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 35. By Region - Asia Customized Gift Boxes Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 36. By Region - Asia Customized Gift Boxes Sales, (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 37. By Region - Asia Customized Gift Boxes Sales, (K Units), 2024-2029
Table 38. By Country - South America Customized Gift Boxes Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 39. By Country - South America Customized Gift Boxes Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 40. By Country - South America Customized Gift Boxes Sales, (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 41. By Country - South America Customized Gift Boxes Sales, (K Units), 2024-2029
Table 42. By Country - Middle East & Africa Customized Gift Boxes Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 43. By Country - Middle East & Africa Customized Gift Boxes Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 44. By Country - Middle East & Africa Customized Gift Boxes Sales, (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 45. By Country - Middle East & Africa Customized Gift Boxes Sales, (K Units), 2024-2029
Table 46. Qingdao Hongrui Industry Company Summary
Table 47. Qingdao Hongrui Industry Customized Gift Boxes Product Offerings
Table 48. Qingdao Hongrui Industry Customized Gift Boxes Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 49. Qingdao Hongrui Industry Key News & Latest Developments
Table 50. Shenzhen Fuxiang Gifts & Packaging Company Summary
Table 51. Shenzhen Fuxiang Gifts & Packaging Customized Gift Boxes Product Offerings
Table 52. Shenzhen Fuxiang Gifts & Packaging Customized Gift Boxes Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 53. Shenzhen Fuxiang Gifts & Packaging Key News & Latest Developments
Table 54. Bayley's Boxes Company Summary
Table 55. Bayley's Boxes Customized Gift Boxes Product Offerings
Table 56. Bayley's Boxes Customized Gift Boxes Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 57. Bayley's Boxes Key News & Latest Developments
Table 58. Varanna Industries Company Summary
Table 59. Varanna Industries Customized Gift Boxes Product Offerings
Table 60. Varanna Industries Customized Gift Boxes Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 61. Varanna Industries Key News & Latest Developments
Table 62. Shanghai Xianrong Packing Company Summary
Table 63. Shanghai Xianrong Packing Customized Gift Boxes Product Offerings
Table 64. Shanghai Xianrong Packing Customized Gift Boxes Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 65. Shanghai Xianrong Packing Key News & Latest Developments
Table 66. Om Express Print Pack Private Company Summary
Table 67. Om Express Print Pack Private Customized Gift Boxes Product Offerings
Table 68. Om Express Print Pack Private Customized Gift Boxes Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 69. Om Express Print Pack Private Key News & Latest Developments
Table 70. Valtenna Industria Cartotecnia Company Summary
Table 71. Valtenna Industria Cartotecnia Customized Gift Boxes Product Offerings
Table 72. Valtenna Industria Cartotecnia Customized Gift Boxes Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 73. Valtenna Industria Cartotecnia Key News & Latest Developments
Table 74. Shenzhen Tianya Paper Products Company Summary
Table 75. Shenzhen Tianya Paper Products Customized Gift Boxes Product Offerings
Table 76. Shenzhen Tianya Paper Products Customized Gift Boxes Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 77. Shenzhen Tianya Paper Products Key News & Latest Developments
Table 78. Customized Gift Boxes Production Capacity (K Units) of Key Manufacturers in Global Market, 2021-2023 (K Units)
Table 79. Global Customized Gift Boxes Capacity Market Share of Key Manufacturers, 2021-2023
Table 80. Global Customized Gift Boxes Production by Region, 2018-2023 (K Units)
Table 81. Global Customized Gift Boxes Production by Region, 2024-2029 (K Units)
Table 82. Customized Gift Boxes Market Opportunities & Trends in Global Market
Table 83. Customized Gift Boxes Market Drivers in Global Market
Table 84. Customized Gift Boxes Market Restraints in Global Market
Table 85. Customized Gift Boxes Raw Materials
Table 86. Customized Gift Boxes Raw Materials Suppliers in Global Market
Table 87. Typical Customized Gift Boxes Downstream
Table 88. Customized Gift Boxes Downstream Clients in Global Market
Table 89. Customized Gift Boxes Distributors and Sales Agents in Global Market
List of Figures
Figure 1. Customized Gift Boxes Segment by Type in 2022
Figure 2. Customized Gift Boxes Segment by Application in 2022
Figure 3. Global Customized Gift Boxes Market Overview: 2022
Figure 4. Key Caveats
Figure 5. Global Customized Gift Boxes Market Size: 2022 VS 2029 (US$, Mn)
Figure 6. Global Customized Gift Boxes Revenue, 2018-2029 (US$, Mn)
Figure 7. Customized Gift Boxes Sales in Global Market: 2018-2029 (K Units)
Figure 8. The Top 3 and 5 Players Market Share by Customized Gift Boxes Revenue in 2022
Figure 9. By Type - Global Customized Gift Boxes Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2029
Figure 10. By Type - Global Customized Gift Boxes Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 11. By Type - Global Customized Gift Boxes Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 12. By Type - Global Customized Gift Boxes Price (US$/Unit), 2018-2029
Figure 13. By Application - Global Customized Gift Boxes Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2029
Figure 14. By Application - Global Customized Gift Boxes Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 15. By Application - Global Customized Gift Boxes Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 16. By Application - Global Customized Gift Boxes Price (US$/Unit), 2018-2029
Figure 17. By Region - Global Customized Gift Boxes Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2029
Figure 18. By Region - Global Customized Gift Boxes Revenue Market Share, 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029
Figure 19. By Region - Global Customized Gift Boxes Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 20. By Region - Global Customized Gift Boxes Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 21. By Country - North America Customized Gift Boxes Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 22. By Country - North America Customized Gift Boxes Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 23. US Customized Gift Boxes Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 24. Canada Customized Gift Boxes Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 25. Mexico Customized Gift Boxes Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 26. By Country - Europe Customized Gift Boxes Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 27. By Country - Europe Customized Gift Boxes Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 28. Germany Customized Gift Boxes Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 29. France Customized Gift Boxes Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 30. U.K. Customized Gift Boxes Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 31. Italy Customized Gift Boxes Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 32. Russia Customized Gift Boxes Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 33. Nordic Countries Customized Gift Boxes Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 34. Benelux Customized Gift Boxes Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 35. By Region - Asia Customized Gift Boxes Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 36. By Region - Asia Customized Gift Boxes Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 37. China Customized Gift Boxes Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 38. Japan Customized Gift Boxes Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 39. South Korea Customized Gift Boxes Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 40. Southeast Asia Customized Gift Boxes Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 41. India Customized Gift Boxes Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 42. By Country - South America Customized Gift Boxes Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 43. By Country - South America Customized Gift Boxes Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 44. Brazil Customized Gift Boxes Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 45. Argentina Customized Gift Boxes Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 46. By Country - Middle East & Africa Customized Gift Boxes Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 47. By Country - Middle East & Africa Customized Gift Boxes Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 48. Turkey Customized Gift Boxes Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 49. Israel Customized Gift Boxes Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 50. Saudi Arabia Customized Gift Boxes Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 51. UAE Customized Gift Boxes Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 52. Global Customized Gift Boxes Production Capacity (K Units), 2018-2029
Figure 53. The Percentage of Production Customized Gift Boxes by Region, 2022 VS 2029
Figure 54. Customized Gift Boxes Industry Value Chain
Figure 55. Marketing Channels