Carry-On Backpacks Market
1 Introduction to Research & Analysis Reports
1.1 Carry-On Backpacks Market Definition
1.2 Market Segments
1.2.1 Market by Type
1.2.2 Market by Application
1.3 Global Carry-On Backpacks Market Overview
1.4 Features & Benefits of This Report
1.5 Methodology & Sources of Information
1.5.1 Research Methodology
1.5.2 Research Process
1.5.3 Base Year
1.5.4 Report Assumptions & Caveats
2 Global Carry-On Backpacks Overall Market Size
2.1 Global Carry-On Backpacks Market Size: 2021 VS 2028
2.2 Global Carry-On Backpacks Revenue, Prospects & Forecasts: 2017-2028
2.3 Global Carry-On Backpacks Sales: 2017-2028
3 Company Landscape
3.1 Top Carry-On Backpacks Players in Global Market
3.2 Top Global Carry-On Backpacks Companies Ranked by Revenue
3.3 Global Carry-On Backpacks Revenue by Companies
3.4 Global Carry-On Backpacks Sales by Companies
3.5 Global Carry-On Backpacks Price by Manufacturer (2017-2022)
3.6 Top 3 and Top 5 Carry-On Backpacks Companies in Global Market, by Revenue in 2021
3.7 Global Manufacturers Carry-On Backpacks Product Type
3.8 Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 Carry-On Backpacks Players in Global Market
3.8.1 List of Global Tier 1 Carry-On Backpacks Companies
3.8.2 List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Carry-On Backpacks Companies
4 Sights by Product
4.1 Overview
4.1.1 By Type - Global Carry-On Backpacks Market Size Markets, 2021 & 2028
4.1.2 0-50 USD
4.1.3 50-100 USD
4.1.4 100-200 USD
4.1.5 Above 200 USD
4.2 By Type - Global Carry-On Backpacks Revenue & Forecasts
4.2.1 By Type - Global Carry-On Backpacks Revenue, 2017-2022
4.2.2 By Type - Global Carry-On Backpacks Revenue, 2023-2028
4.2.3 By Type - Global Carry-On Backpacks Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
4.3 By Type - Global Carry-On Backpacks Sales & Forecasts
4.3.1 By Type - Global Carry-On Backpacks Sales, 2017-2022
4.3.2 By Type - Global Carry-On Backpacks Sales, 2023-2028
4.3.3 By Type - Global Carry-On Backpacks Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
4.4 By Type - Global Carry-On Backpacks Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2017-2028
5 Sights By Application
5.1 Overview
5.1.1 By Application - Global Carry-On Backpacks Market Size, 2021 & 2028
5.1.2 For business
5.1.3 For Casual Trips
5.2 By Application - Global Carry-On Backpacks Revenue & Forecasts
5.2.1 By Application - Global Carry-On Backpacks Revenue, 2017-2022
5.2.2 By Application - Global Carry-On Backpacks Revenue, 2023-2028
5.2.3 By Application - Global Carry-On Backpacks Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
5.3 By Application - Global Carry-On Backpacks Sales & Forecasts
5.3.1 By Application - Global Carry-On Backpacks Sales, 2017-2022
5.3.2 By Application - Global Carry-On Backpacks Sales, 2023-2028
5.3.3 By Application - Global Carry-On Backpacks Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
5.4 By Application - Global Carry-On Backpacks Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2017-2028
6 Sights by Region
6.1 By Region - Global Carry-On Backpacks Market Size, 2021 & 2028
6.2 By Region - Global Carry-On Backpacks Revenue & Forecasts
6.2.1 By Region - Global Carry-On Backpacks Revenue, 2017-2022
6.2.2 By Region - Global Carry-On Backpacks Revenue, 2023-2028
6.2.3 By Region - Global Carry-On Backpacks Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
6.3 By Region - Global Carry-On Backpacks Sales & Forecasts
6.3.1 By Region - Global Carry-On Backpacks Sales, 2017-2022
6.3.2 By Region - Global Carry-On Backpacks Sales, 2023-2028
6.3.3 By Region - Global Carry-On Backpacks Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
6.4 North America
6.4.1 By Country - North America Carry-On Backpacks Revenue, 2017-2028
6.4.2 By Country - North America Carry-On Backpacks Sales, 2017-2028
6.4.3 US Carry-On Backpacks Market Size, 2017-2028
6.4.4 Canada Carry-On Backpacks Market Size, 2017-2028
6.4.5 Mexico Carry-On Backpacks Market Size, 2017-2028
6.5 Europe
6.5.1 By Country - Europe Carry-On Backpacks Revenue, 2017-2028
6.5.2 By Country - Europe Carry-On Backpacks Sales, 2017-2028
6.5.3 Germany Carry-On Backpacks Market Size, 2017-2028
6.5.4 France Carry-On Backpacks Market Size, 2017-2028
6.5.5 U.K. Carry-On Backpacks Market Size, 2017-2028
6.5.6 Italy Carry-On Backpacks Market Size, 2017-2028
6.5.7 Russia Carry-On Backpacks Market Size, 2017-2028
6.5.8 Nordic Countries Carry-On Backpacks Market Size, 2017-2028
6.5.9 Benelux Carry-On Backpacks Market Size, 2017-2028
6.6 Asia
6.6.1 By Region - Asia Carry-On Backpacks Revenue, 2017-2028
6.6.2 By Region - Asia Carry-On Backpacks Sales, 2017-2028
6.6.3 China Carry-On Backpacks Market Size, 2017-2028
6.6.4 Japan Carry-On Backpacks Market Size, 2017-2028
6.6.5 South Korea Carry-On Backpacks Market Size, 2017-2028
6.6.6 Southeast Asia Carry-On Backpacks Market Size, 2017-2028
6.6.7 India Carry-On Backpacks Market Size, 2017-2028
6.7 South America
6.7.1 By Country - South America Carry-On Backpacks Revenue, 2017-2028
6.7.2 By Country - South America Carry-On Backpacks Sales, 2017-2028
6.7.3 Brazil Carry-On Backpacks Market Size, 2017-2028
6.7.4 Argentina Carry-On Backpacks Market Size, 2017-2028
6.8 Middle East & Africa
6.8.1 By Country - Middle East & Africa Carry-On Backpacks Revenue, 2017-2028
6.8.2 By Country - Middle East & Africa Carry-On Backpacks Sales, 2017-2028
6.8.3 Turkey Carry-On Backpacks Market Size, 2017-2028
6.8.4 Israel Carry-On Backpacks Market Size, 2017-2028
6.8.5 Saudi Arabia Carry-On Backpacks Market Size, 2017-2028
6.8.6 UAE Carry-On Backpacks Market Size, 2017-2028
7 Manufacturers & Brands Profiles
7.1 Swiss Gear
7.1.1 Swiss Gear Corporate Summary
7.1.2 Swiss Gear Business Overview
7.1.3 Swiss Gear Carry-On Backpacks Major Product Offerings
7.1.4 Swiss Gear Carry-On Backpacks Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
7.1.5 Swiss Gear Key News
7.2 Oakley
7.2.1 Oakley Corporate Summary
7.2.2 Oakley Business Overview
7.2.3 Oakley Carry-On Backpacks Major Product Offerings
7.2.4 Oakley Carry-On Backpacks Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
7.2.5 Oakley Key News
7.3 High Sierra
7.3.1 High Sierra Corporate Summary
7.3.2 High Sierra Business Overview
7.3.3 High Sierra Carry-On Backpacks Major Product Offerings
7.3.4 High Sierra Carry-On Backpacks Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
7.3.5 High Sierra Key News
7.4 Timbuk2
7.4.1 Timbuk2 Corporate Summary
7.4.2 Timbuk2 Business Overview
7.4.3 Timbuk2 Carry-On Backpacks Major Product Offerings
7.4.4 Timbuk2 Carry-On Backpacks Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
7.4.5 Timbuk2 Key News
7.5 Sumtree
7.5.1 Sumtree Corporate Summary
7.5.2 Sumtree Business Overview
7.5.3 Sumtree Carry-On Backpacks Major Product Offerings
7.5.4 Sumtree Carry-On Backpacks Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
7.5.5 Sumtree Key News
7.6 S-Zone
7.6.1 S-Zone Corporate Summary
7.6.2 S-Zone Business Overview
7.6.3 S-Zone Carry-On Backpacks Major Product Offerings
7.6.4 S-Zone Carry-On Backpacks Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
7.6.5 S-Zone Key News
7.7 Kensington
7.7.1 Kensington Corporate Summary
7.7.2 Kensington Business Overview
7.7.3 Kensington Carry-On Backpacks Major Product Offerings
7.7.4 Kensington Carry-On Backpacks Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
7.7.5 Kensington Key News
7.8 Osprey
7.8.1 Osprey Corporate Summary
7.8.2 Osprey Business Overview
7.8.3 Osprey Carry-On Backpacks Major Product Offerings
7.8.4 Osprey Carry-On Backpacks Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
7.8.5 Osprey Key News
7.9 Ebags TLS
7.9.1 Ebags TLS Corporate Summary
7.9.2 Ebags TLS Business Overview
7.9.3 Ebags TLS Carry-On Backpacks Major Product Offerings
7.9.4 Ebags TLS Carry-On Backpacks Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
7.9.5 Ebags TLS Key News
7.10 Hynes Eagle
7.10.1 Hynes Eagle Corporate Summary
7.10.2 Hynes Eagle Business Overview
7.10.3 Hynes Eagle Carry-On Backpacks Major Product Offerings
7.10.4 Hynes Eagle Carry-On Backpacks Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
7.10.5 Hynes Eagle Key News
7.11 REI Vagabond
7.11.1 REI Vagabond Corporate Summary
7.11.2 REI Vagabond Carry-On Backpacks Business Overview
7.11.3 REI Vagabond Carry-On Backpacks Major Product Offerings
7.11.4 REI Vagabond Carry-On Backpacks Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
7.11.5 REI Vagabond Key News
7.12 Kelty Redwing
7.12.1 Kelty Redwing Corporate Summary
7.12.2 Kelty Redwing Carry-On Backpacks Business Overview
7.12.3 Kelty Redwing Carry-On Backpacks Major Product Offerings
7.12.4 Kelty Redwing Carry-On Backpacks Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
7.12.5 Kelty Redwing Key News
8 Global Carry-On Backpacks Production Capacity, Analysis
8.1 Global Carry-On Backpacks Production Capacity, 2017-2028
8.2 Carry-On Backpacks Production Capacity of Key Manufacturers in Global Market
8.3 Global Carry-On Backpacks Production by Region
9 Key Market Trends, Opportunity, Drivers and Restraints
9.1 Market Opportunities & Trends
9.2 Market Drivers
9.3 Market Restraints
10 Carry-On Backpacks Supply Chain Analysis
10.1 Carry-On Backpacks Industry Value Chain
10.2 Carry-On Backpacks Upstream Market
10.3 Carry-On Backpacks Downstream and Clients
10.4 Marketing Channels Analysis
10.4.1 Marketing Channels
10.4.2 Carry-On Backpacks Distributors and Sales Agents in Global
11 Conclusion
12 Appendix
12.1 Note
12.2 Examples of Clients
12.3 Disclaimer
List of Tables
Table 1. Key Players of Carry-On Backpacks in Global Market
Table 2. Top Carry-On Backpacks Players in Global Market, Ranking by Revenue (2021)
Table 3. Global Carry-On Backpacks Revenue by Companies, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 4. Global Carry-On Backpacks Revenue Share by Companies, 2017-2022
Table 5. Global Carry-On Backpacks Sales by Companies, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 6. Global Carry-On Backpacks Sales Share by Companies, 2017-2022
Table 7. Key Manufacturers Carry-On Backpacks Price (2017-2022) & (US$/Unit)
Table 8. Global Manufacturers Carry-On Backpacks Product Type
Table 9. List of Global Tier 1 Carry-On Backpacks Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2021 and Market Share
Table 10. List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Carry-On Backpacks Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2021 and Market Share
Table 11. By Type ? Global Carry-On Backpacks Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2021 & 2028
Table 12. By Type - Global Carry-On Backpacks Revenue (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 13. By Type - Global Carry-On Backpacks Revenue (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 14. By Type - Global Carry-On Backpacks Sales (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 15. By Type - Global Carry-On Backpacks Sales (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 16. By Application ? Global Carry-On Backpacks Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2021 & 2028
Table 17. By Application - Global Carry-On Backpacks Revenue (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 18. By Application - Global Carry-On Backpacks Revenue (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 19. By Application - Global Carry-On Backpacks Sales (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 20. By Application - Global Carry-On Backpacks Sales (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 21. By Region ? Global Carry-On Backpacks Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2021 VS 2028
Table 22. By Region - Global Carry-On Backpacks Revenue (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 23. By Region - Global Carry-On Backpacks Revenue (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 24. By Region - Global Carry-On Backpacks Sales (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 25. By Region - Global Carry-On Backpacks Sales (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 26. By Country - North America Carry-On Backpacks Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 27. By Country - North America Carry-On Backpacks Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 28. By Country - North America Carry-On Backpacks Sales, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 29. By Country - North America Carry-On Backpacks Sales, (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 30. By Country - Europe Carry-On Backpacks Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 31. By Country - Europe Carry-On Backpacks Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 32. By Country - Europe Carry-On Backpacks Sales, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 33. By Country - Europe Carry-On Backpacks Sales, (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 34. By Region - Asia Carry-On Backpacks Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 35. By Region - Asia Carry-On Backpacks Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 36. By Region - Asia Carry-On Backpacks Sales, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 37. By Region - Asia Carry-On Backpacks Sales, (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 38. By Country - South America Carry-On Backpacks Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 39. By Country - South America Carry-On Backpacks Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 40. By Country - South America Carry-On Backpacks Sales, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 41. By Country - South America Carry-On Backpacks Sales, (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 42. By Country - Middle East & Africa Carry-On Backpacks Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 43. By Country - Middle East & Africa Carry-On Backpacks Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 44. By Country - Middle East & Africa Carry-On Backpacks Sales, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 45. By Country - Middle East & Africa Carry-On Backpacks Sales, (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 46. Swiss Gear Corporate Summary
Table 47. Swiss Gear Carry-On Backpacks Product Offerings
Table 48. Swiss Gear Carry-On Backpacks Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 49. Oakley Corporate Summary
Table 50. Oakley Carry-On Backpacks Product Offerings
Table 51. Oakley Carry-On Backpacks Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 52. High Sierra Corporate Summary
Table 53. High Sierra Carry-On Backpacks Product Offerings
Table 54. High Sierra Carry-On Backpacks Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 55. Timbuk2 Corporate Summary
Table 56. Timbuk2 Carry-On Backpacks Product Offerings
Table 57. Timbuk2 Carry-On Backpacks Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 58. Sumtree Corporate Summary
Table 59. Sumtree Carry-On Backpacks Product Offerings
Table 60. Sumtree Carry-On Backpacks Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 61. S-Zone Corporate Summary
Table 62. S-Zone Carry-On Backpacks Product Offerings
Table 63. S-Zone Carry-On Backpacks Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 64. Kensington Corporate Summary
Table 65. Kensington Carry-On Backpacks Product Offerings
Table 66. Kensington Carry-On Backpacks Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 67. Osprey Corporate Summary
Table 68. Osprey Carry-On Backpacks Product Offerings
Table 69. Osprey Carry-On Backpacks Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 70. Ebags TLS Corporate Summary
Table 71. Ebags TLS Carry-On Backpacks Product Offerings
Table 72. Ebags TLS Carry-On Backpacks Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 73. Hynes Eagle Corporate Summary
Table 74. Hynes Eagle Carry-On Backpacks Product Offerings
Table 75. Hynes Eagle Carry-On Backpacks Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 76. REI Vagabond Corporate Summary
Table 77. REI Vagabond Carry-On Backpacks Product Offerings
Table 78. REI Vagabond Carry-On Backpacks Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 79. Kelty Redwing Corporate Summary
Table 80. Kelty Redwing Carry-On Backpacks Product Offerings
Table 81. Kelty Redwing Carry-On Backpacks Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 82. Carry-On Backpacks Production Capacity (K Units) of Key Manufacturers in Global Market, 2020-2022 (K Units)
Table 83. Global Carry-On Backpacks Capacity Market Share of Key Manufacturers, 2020-2022
Table 84. Global Carry-On Backpacks Production by Region, 2017-2022 (K Units)
Table 85. Global Carry-On Backpacks Production by Region, 2023-2028 (K Units)
Table 86. Carry-On Backpacks Market Opportunities & Trends in Global Market
Table 87. Carry-On Backpacks Market Drivers in Global Market
Table 88. Carry-On Backpacks Market Restraints in Global Market
Table 89. Carry-On Backpacks Raw Materials
Table 90. Carry-On Backpacks Raw Materials Suppliers in Global Market
Table 91. Typical Carry-On Backpacks Downstream
Table 92. Carry-On Backpacks Downstream Clients in Global Market
Table 93. Carry-On Backpacks Distributors and Sales Agents in Global Market
List of Figures
Figure 1. Carry-On Backpacks Segment by Type
Figure 2. Carry-On Backpacks Segment by Application
Figure 3. Global Carry-On Backpacks Market Overview: 2021
Figure 4. Key Caveats
Figure 5. Global Carry-On Backpacks Market Size: 2021 VS 2028 (US$, Mn)
Figure 6. Global Carry-On Backpacks Revenue, 2017-2028 (US$, Mn)
Figure 7. Carry-On Backpacks Sales in Global Market: 2017-2028 (K Units)
Figure 8. The Top 3 and 5 Players Market Share by Carry-On Backpacks Revenue in 2021
Figure 9. By Type - Global Carry-On Backpacks Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 10. By Type - Global Carry-On Backpacks Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 11. By Type - Global Carry-On Backpacks Price (US$/Unit), 2017-2028
Figure 12. By Application - Global Carry-On Backpacks Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 13. By Application - Global Carry-On Backpacks Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 14. By Application - Global Carry-On Backpacks Price (US$/Unit), 2017-2028
Figure 15. By Region - Global Carry-On Backpacks Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 16. By Region - Global Carry-On Backpacks Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 17. By Country - North America Carry-On Backpacks Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 18. By Country - North America Carry-On Backpacks Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 19. US Carry-On Backpacks Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 20. Canada Carry-On Backpacks Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 21. Mexico Carry-On Backpacks Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 22. By Country - Europe Carry-On Backpacks Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 23. By Country - Europe Carry-On Backpacks Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 24. Germany Carry-On Backpacks Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 25. France Carry-On Backpacks Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 26. U.K. Carry-On Backpacks Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 27. Italy Carry-On Backpacks Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 28. Russia Carry-On Backpacks Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 29. Nordic Countries Carry-On Backpacks Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 30. Benelux Carry-On Backpacks Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 31. By Region - Asia Carry-On Backpacks Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 32. By Region - Asia Carry-On Backpacks Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 33. China Carry-On Backpacks Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 34. Japan Carry-On Backpacks Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 35. South Korea Carry-On Backpacks Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 36. Southeast Asia Carry-On Backpacks Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 37. India Carry-On Backpacks Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 38. By Country - South America Carry-On Backpacks Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 39. By Country - South America Carry-On Backpacks Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 40. Brazil Carry-On Backpacks Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 41. Argentina Carry-On Backpacks Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 42. By Country - Middle East & Africa Carry-On Backpacks Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 43. By Country - Middle East & Africa Carry-On Backpacks Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 44. Turkey Carry-On Backpacks Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 45. Israel Carry-On Backpacks Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 46. Saudi Arabia Carry-On Backpacks Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 47. UAE Carry-On Backpacks Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 48. Global Carry-On Backpacks Production Capacity (K Units), 2017-2028
Figure 49. The Percentage of Production Carry-On Backpacks by Region, 2021 VS 2028
Figure 50. Carry-On Backpacks Industry Value Chain
Figure 51. Marketing Channels