report cover

Global Special Epoxy Resin Market Research Report 2025(Status and Outlook)

  • 18 December 2024
  • Chemicals and Materials
  • 112 Pages
  • Report code : 24WT-8024049

Special Epoxy Resin Market

Table of Contents
1 Research Methodology and Statistical Scope
1.1 Market Definition and Statistical Scope of Special Epoxy Resin
1.2 Key Market Segments
1.2.1 Special Epoxy Resin Segment by Type
1.2.2 Special Epoxy Resin Segment by Application
1.3 Methodology & Sources of Information
1.3.1 Research Methodology
1.3.2 Research Process
1.3.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
1.3.4 Base Year
1.3.5 Report Assumptions & Caveats
2 Special Epoxy Resin Market Overview
2.1 Global Market Overview
2.1.1 Global Special Epoxy Resin Market Size (M USD) Estimates and Forecasts (2019-2030)
2.1.2 Global Special Epoxy Resin Sales Estimates and Forecasts (2019-2030)
2.2 Market Segment Executive Summary
2.3 Global Market Size by Region
3 Special Epoxy Resin Market Competitive Landscape
3.1 Global Special Epoxy Resin Sales by Manufacturers (2019-2025)
3.2 Global Special Epoxy Resin Revenue Market Share by Manufacturers (2019-2025)
3.3 Special Epoxy Resin Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3)
3.4 Global Special Epoxy Resin Average Price by Manufacturers (2019-2025)
3.5 Manufacturers Special Epoxy Resin Sales Sites, Area Served, Product Type
3.6 Special Epoxy Resin Market Competitive Situation and Trends
3.6.1 Special Epoxy Resin Market Concentration Rate
3.6.2 Global 5 and 10 Largest Special Epoxy Resin Players Market Share by Revenue
3.6.3 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion
4 Special Epoxy Resin Industry Chain Analysis
4.1 Special Epoxy Resin Industry Chain Analysis
4.2 Market Overview of Key Raw Materials
4.3 Midstream Market Analysis
4.4 Downstream Customer Analysis
5 The Development and Dynamics of Special Epoxy Resin Market
5.1 Key Development Trends
5.2 Driving Factors
5.3 Market Challenges
5.4 Market Restraints
5.5 Industry News
5.5.1 New Product Developments
5.5.2 Mergers & Acquisitions
5.5.3 Expansions
5.5.4 Collaboration/Supply Contracts
5.6 Industry Policies
6 Special Epoxy Resin Market Segmentation by Type
6.1 Evaluation Matrix of Segment Market Development Potential (Type)
6.2 Global Special Epoxy Resin Sales Market Share by Type (2019-2025)
6.3 Global Special Epoxy Resin Market Size Market Share by Type (2019-2025)
6.4 Global Special Epoxy Resin Price by Type (2019-2025)
7 Special Epoxy Resin Market Segmentation by Application
7.1 Evaluation Matrix of Segment Market Development Potential (Application)
7.2 Global Special Epoxy Resin Market Sales by Application (2019-2025)
7.3 Global Special Epoxy Resin Market Size (M USD) by Application (2019-2025)
7.4 Global Special Epoxy Resin Sales Growth Rate by Application (2019-2025)
8 Special Epoxy Resin Market Segmentation by Region
8.1 Global Special Epoxy Resin Sales by Region
8.1.1 Global Special Epoxy Resin Sales by Region
8.1.2 Global Special Epoxy Resin Sales Market Share by Region
8.2 North America
8.2.1 North America Special Epoxy Resin Sales by Country
8.2.2 U.S.
8.2.3 Canada
8.2.4 Mexico
8.3 Europe
8.3.1 Europe Special Epoxy Resin Sales by Country
8.3.2 Germany
8.3.3 France
8.3.4 U.K.
8.3.5 Italy
8.3.6 Russia
8.4 Asia Pacific
8.4.1 Asia Pacific Special Epoxy Resin Sales by Region
8.4.2 China
8.4.3 Japan
8.4.4 South Korea
8.4.5 India
8.4.6 Southeast Asia
8.5 South America
8.5.1 South America Special Epoxy Resin Sales by Country
8.5.2 Brazil
8.5.3 Argentina
8.5.4 Columbia
8.6 Middle East and Africa
8.6.1 Middle East and Africa Special Epoxy Resin Sales by Region
8.6.2 Saudi Arabia
8.6.3 UAE
8.6.4 Egypt
8.6.5 Nigeria
8.6.6 South Africa
9 Key Companies Profile
9.1 Olin Corporation
9.1.1 Olin Corporation Special Epoxy Resin Basic Information
9.1.2 Olin Corporation Special Epoxy Resin Product Overview
9.1.3 Olin Corporation Special Epoxy Resin Product Market Performance
9.1.4 Olin Corporation Business Overview
9.1.5 Olin Corporation Special Epoxy Resin SWOT Analysis
9.1.6 Olin Corporation Recent Developments
9.2 Nan Ya Plastics
9.2.1 Nan Ya Plastics Special Epoxy Resin Basic Information
9.2.2 Nan Ya Plastics Special Epoxy Resin Product Overview
9.2.3 Nan Ya Plastics Special Epoxy Resin Product Market Performance
9.2.4 Nan Ya Plastics Business Overview
9.2.5 Nan Ya Plastics Special Epoxy Resin SWOT Analysis
9.2.6 Nan Ya Plastics Recent Developments
9.3 Hexion
9.3.1 Hexion Special Epoxy Resin Basic Information
9.3.2 Hexion Special Epoxy Resin Product Overview
9.3.3 Hexion Special Epoxy Resin Product Market Performance
9.3.4 Hexion Special Epoxy Resin SWOT Analysis
9.3.5 Hexion Business Overview
9.3.6 Hexion Recent Developments
9.4 Kukdo Chemical
9.4.1 Kukdo Chemical Special Epoxy Resin Basic Information
9.4.2 Kukdo Chemical Special Epoxy Resin Product Overview
9.4.3 Kukdo Chemical Special Epoxy Resin Product Market Performance
9.4.4 Kukdo Chemical Business Overview
9.4.5 Kukdo Chemical Recent Developments
9.5 Huntsman Corporation
9.5.1 Huntsman Corporation Special Epoxy Resin Basic Information
9.5.2 Huntsman Corporation Special Epoxy Resin Product Overview
9.5.3 Huntsman Corporation Special Epoxy Resin Product Market Performance
9.5.4 Huntsman Corporation Business Overview
9.5.5 Huntsman Corporation Recent Developments
9.6 Chang Chun Plastics
9.6.1 Chang Chun Plastics Special Epoxy Resin Basic Information
9.6.2 Chang Chun Plastics Special Epoxy Resin Product Overview
9.6.3 Chang Chun Plastics Special Epoxy Resin Product Market Performance
9.6.4 Chang Chun Plastics Business Overview
9.6.5 Chang Chun Plastics Recent Developments
9.7 Sinopec Corporation
9.7.1 Sinopec Corporation Special Epoxy Resin Basic Information
9.7.2 Sinopec Corporation Special Epoxy Resin Product Overview
9.7.3 Sinopec Corporation Special Epoxy Resin Product Market Performance
9.7.4 Sinopec Corporation Business Overview
9.7.5 Sinopec Corporation Recent Developments
10 Special Epoxy Resin Market Forecast by Region
10.1 Global Special Epoxy Resin Market Size Forecast
10.2 Global Special Epoxy Resin Market Forecast by Region
10.2.1 North America Market Size Forecast by Country
10.2.2 Europe Special Epoxy Resin Market Size Forecast by Country
10.2.3 Asia Pacific Special Epoxy Resin Market Size Forecast by Region
10.2.4 South America Special Epoxy Resin Market Size Forecast by Country
10.2.5 Middle East and Africa Forecasted Consumption of Special Epoxy Resin by Country
11 Forecast Market by Type and by Application (2025-2030)
11.1 Global Special Epoxy Resin Market Forecast by Type (2025-2030)
11.1.1 Global Forecasted Sales of Special Epoxy Resin by Type (2025-2030)
11.1.2 Global Special Epoxy Resin Market Size Forecast by Type (2025-2030)
11.1.3 Global Forecasted Price of Special Epoxy Resin by Type (2025-2030)
11.2 Global Special Epoxy Resin Market Forecast by Application (2025-2030)
11.2.1 Global Special Epoxy Resin Sales (Kilotons) Forecast by Application
11.2.2 Global Special Epoxy Resin Market Size (M USD) Forecast by Application (2025-2030)
12 Conclusion and Key Findings
Ask Our Expert

Leave This Empty:

*Required Information
List of Tables
Table 1. Introduction of the Type
Table 2. Introduction of the Application
Table 3. Market Size (M USD) Segment Executive Summary
Table 4. Special Epoxy Resin Market Size Comparison by Region (M USD)
Table 5. Global Special Epoxy Resin Sales (Kilotons) by Manufacturers (2019-2025)
Table 6. Global Special Epoxy Resin Sales Market Share by Manufacturers (2019-2025)
Table 7. Global Special Epoxy Resin Revenue (M USD) by Manufacturers (2019-2025)
Table 8. Global Special Epoxy Resin Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2019-2025)
Table 9. Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3) & (based on the Revenue in Special Epoxy Resin as of 2022)
Table 10. Global Market Special Epoxy Resin Average Price (USD/Ton) of Key Manufacturers (2019-2025)
Table 11. Manufacturers Special Epoxy Resin Sales Sites and Area Served
Table 12. Manufacturers Special Epoxy Resin Product Type
Table 13. Global Special Epoxy Resin Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
Table 14. Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
Table 15. Industry Chain Map of Special Epoxy Resin
Table 16. Market Overview of Key Raw Materials
Table 17. Midstream Market Analysis
Table 18. Downstream Customer Analysis
Table 19. Key Development Trends
Table 20. Driving Factors
Table 21. Special Epoxy Resin Market Challenges
Table 22. Global Special Epoxy Resin Sales by Type (Kilotons)
Table 23. Global Special Epoxy Resin Market Size by Type (M USD)
Table 24. Global Special Epoxy Resin Sales (Kilotons) by Type (2019-2025)
Table 25. Global Special Epoxy Resin Sales Market Share by Type (2019-2025)
Table 26. Global Special Epoxy Resin Market Size (M USD) by Type (2019-2025)
Table 27. Global Special Epoxy Resin Market Size Share by Type (2019-2025)
Table 28. Global Special Epoxy Resin Price (USD/Ton) by Type (2019-2025)
Table 29. Global Special Epoxy Resin Sales (Kilotons) by Application
Table 30. Global Special Epoxy Resin Market Size by Application
Table 31. Global Special Epoxy Resin Sales by Application (2019-2025) & (Kilotons)
Table 32. Global Special Epoxy Resin Sales Market Share by Application (2019-2025)
Table 33. Global Special Epoxy Resin Sales by Application (2019-2025) & (M USD)
Table 34. Global Special Epoxy Resin Market Share by Application (2019-2025)
Table 35. Global Special Epoxy Resin Sales Growth Rate by Application (2019-2025)
Table 36. Global Special Epoxy Resin Sales by Region (2019-2025) & (Kilotons)
Table 37. Global Special Epoxy Resin Sales Market Share by Region (2019-2025)
Table 38. North America Special Epoxy Resin Sales by Country (2019-2025) & (Kilotons)
Table 39. Europe Special Epoxy Resin Sales by Country (2019-2025) & (Kilotons)
Table 40. Asia Pacific Special Epoxy Resin Sales by Region (2019-2025) & (Kilotons)
Table 41. South America Special Epoxy Resin Sales by Country (2019-2025) & (Kilotons)
Table 42. Middle East and Africa Special Epoxy Resin Sales by Region (2019-2025) & (Kilotons)
Table 43. Olin Corporation Special Epoxy Resin Basic Information
Table 44. Olin Corporation Special Epoxy Resin Product Overview
Table 45. Olin Corporation Special Epoxy Resin Sales (Kilotons), Revenue (M USD), Price (USD/Ton) and Gross Margin (2019-2025)
Table 46. Olin Corporation Business Overview
Table 47. Olin Corporation Special Epoxy Resin SWOT Analysis
Table 48. Olin Corporation Recent Developments
Table 49. Nan Ya Plastics Special Epoxy Resin Basic Information
Table 50. Nan Ya Plastics Special Epoxy Resin Product Overview
Table 51. Nan Ya Plastics Special Epoxy Resin Sales (Kilotons), Revenue (M USD), Price (USD/Ton) and Gross Margin (2019-2025)
Table 52. Nan Ya Plastics Business Overview
Table 53. Nan Ya Plastics Special Epoxy Resin SWOT Analysis
Table 54. Nan Ya Plastics Recent Developments
Table 55. Hexion Special Epoxy Resin Basic Information
Table 56. Hexion Special Epoxy Resin Product Overview
Table 57. Hexion Special Epoxy Resin Sales (Kilotons), Revenue (M USD), Price (USD/Ton) and Gross Margin (2019-2025)
Table 58. Hexion Special Epoxy Resin SWOT Analysis
Table 59. Hexion Business Overview
Table 60. Hexion Recent Developments
Table 61. Kukdo Chemical Special Epoxy Resin Basic Information
Table 62. Kukdo Chemical Special Epoxy Resin Product Overview
Table 63. Kukdo Chemical Special Epoxy Resin Sales (Kilotons), Revenue (M USD), Price (USD/Ton) and Gross Margin (2019-2025)
Table 64. Kukdo Chemical Business Overview
Table 65. Kukdo Chemical Recent Developments
Table 66. Huntsman Corporation Special Epoxy Resin Basic Information
Table 67. Huntsman Corporation Special Epoxy Resin Product Overview
Table 68. Huntsman Corporation Special Epoxy Resin Sales (Kilotons), Revenue (M USD), Price (USD/Ton) and Gross Margin (2019-2025)
Table 69. Huntsman Corporation Business Overview
Table 70. Huntsman Corporation Recent Developments
Table 71. Chang Chun Plastics Special Epoxy Resin Basic Information
Table 72. Chang Chun Plastics Special Epoxy Resin Product Overview
Table 73. Chang Chun Plastics Special Epoxy Resin Sales (Kilotons), Revenue (M USD), Price (USD/Ton) and Gross Margin (2019-2025)
Table 74. Chang Chun Plastics Business Overview
Table 75. Chang Chun Plastics Recent Developments
Table 76. Sinopec Corporation Special Epoxy Resin Basic Information
Table 77. Sinopec Corporation Special Epoxy Resin Product Overview
Table 78. Sinopec Corporation Special Epoxy Resin Sales (Kilotons), Revenue (M USD), Price (USD/Ton) and Gross Margin (2019-2025)
Table 79. Sinopec Corporation Business Overview
Table 80. Sinopec Corporation Recent Developments
Table 81. Global Special Epoxy Resin Sales Forecast by Region (2025-2030) & (Kilotons)
Table 82. Global Special Epoxy Resin Market Size Forecast by Region (2025-2030) & (M USD)
Table 83. North America Special Epoxy Resin Sales Forecast by Country (2025-2030) & (Kilotons)
Table 84. North America Special Epoxy Resin Market Size Forecast by Country (2025-2030) & (M USD)
Table 85. Europe Special Epoxy Resin Sales Forecast by Country (2025-2030) & (Kilotons)
Table 86. Europe Special Epoxy Resin Market Size Forecast by Country (2025-2030) & (M USD)
Table 87. Asia Pacific Special Epoxy Resin Sales Forecast by Region (2025-2030) & (Kilotons)
Table 88. Asia Pacific Special Epoxy Resin Market Size Forecast by Region (2025-2030) & (M USD)
Table 89. South America Special Epoxy Resin Sales Forecast by Country (2025-2030) & (Kilotons)
Table 90. South America Special Epoxy Resin Market Size Forecast by Country (2025-2030) & (M USD)
Table 91. Middle East and Africa Special Epoxy Resin Consumption Forecast by Country (2025-2030) & (Units)
Table 92. Middle East and Africa Special Epoxy Resin Market Size Forecast by Country (2025-2030) & (M USD)
Table 93. Global Special Epoxy Resin Sales Forecast by Type (2025-2030) & (Kilotons)
Table 94. Global Special Epoxy Resin Market Size Forecast by Type (2025-2030) & (M USD)
Table 95. Global Special Epoxy Resin Price Forecast by Type (2025-2030) & (USD/Ton)
Table 96. Global Special Epoxy Resin Sales (Kilotons) Forecast by Application (2025-2030)
Table 97. Global Special Epoxy Resin Market Size Forecast by Application (2025-2030) & (M USD)
List of Figures
Figure 1. Product Picture of Special Epoxy Resin
Figure 2. Data Triangulation
Figure 3. Key Caveats
Figure 4. Global Special Epoxy Resin Market Size (M USD), 2019-2030
Figure 5. Global Special Epoxy Resin Market Size (M USD) (2019-2030)
Figure 6. Global Special Epoxy Resin Sales (Kilotons) & (2019-2030)
Figure 7. Evaluation Matrix of Segment Market Development Potential (Type)
Figure 8. Evaluation Matrix of Segment Market Development Potential (Application)
Figure 9. Evaluation Matrix of Regional Market Development Potential
Figure 10. Special Epoxy Resin Market Size by Country (M USD)
Figure 11. Special Epoxy Resin Sales Share by Manufacturers in 2023
Figure 12. Global Special Epoxy Resin Revenue Share by Manufacturers in 2023
Figure 13. Special Epoxy Resin Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3): 2023
Figure 14. Global Market Special Epoxy Resin Average Price (USD/Ton) of Key Manufacturers in 2023
Figure 15. The Global 5 and 10 Largest Players: Market Share by Special Epoxy Resin Revenue in 2023
Figure 16. Evaluation Matrix of Segment Market Development Potential (Type)
Figure 17. Global Special Epoxy Resin Market Share by Type
Figure 18. Sales Market Share of Special Epoxy Resin by Type (2019-2025)
Figure 19. Sales Market Share of Special Epoxy Resin by Type in 2023
Figure 20. Market Size Share of Special Epoxy Resin by Type (2019-2025)
Figure 21. Market Size Market Share of Special Epoxy Resin by Type in 2023
Figure 22. Evaluation Matrix of Segment Market Development Potential (Application)
Figure 23. Global Special Epoxy Resin Market Share by Application
Figure 24. Global Special Epoxy Resin Sales Market Share by Application (2019-2025)
Figure 25. Global Special Epoxy Resin Sales Market Share by Application in 2023
Figure 26. Global Special Epoxy Resin Market Share by Application (2019-2025)
Figure 27. Global Special Epoxy Resin Market Share by Application in 2023
Figure 28. Global Special Epoxy Resin Sales Growth Rate by Application (2019-2025)
Figure 29. Global Special Epoxy Resin Sales Market Share by Region (2019-2025)
Figure 30. North America Special Epoxy Resin Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2025) & (Kilotons)
Figure 31. North America Special Epoxy Resin Sales Market Share by Country in 2023
Figure 32. U.S. Special Epoxy Resin Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2025) & (Kilotons)
Figure 33. Canada Special Epoxy Resin Sales (Kilotons) and Growth Rate (2019-2025)
Figure 34. Mexico Special Epoxy Resin Sales (Units) and Growth Rate (2019-2025)
Figure 35. Europe Special Epoxy Resin Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2025) & (Kilotons)
Figure 36. Europe Special Epoxy Resin Sales Market Share by Country in 2023
Figure 37. Germany Special Epoxy Resin Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2025) & (Kilotons)
Figure 38. France Special Epoxy Resin Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2025) & (Kilotons)
Figure 39. U.K. Special Epoxy Resin Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2025) & (Kilotons)
Figure 40. Italy Special Epoxy Resin Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2025) & (Kilotons)
Figure 41. Russia Special Epoxy Resin Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2025) & (Kilotons)
Figure 42. Asia Pacific Special Epoxy Resin Sales and Growth Rate (Kilotons)
Figure 43. Asia Pacific Special Epoxy Resin Sales Market Share by Region in 2023
Figure 44. China Special Epoxy Resin Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2025) & (Kilotons)
Figure 45. Japan Special Epoxy Resin Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2025) & (Kilotons)
Figure 46. South Korea Special Epoxy Resin Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2025) & (Kilotons)
Figure 47. India Special Epoxy Resin Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2025) & (Kilotons)
Figure 48. Southeast Asia Special Epoxy Resin Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2025) & (Kilotons)
Figure 49. South America Special Epoxy Resin Sales and Growth Rate (Kilotons)
Figure 50. South America Special Epoxy Resin Sales Market Share by Country in 2023
Figure 51. Brazil Special Epoxy Resin Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2025) & (Kilotons)
Figure 52. Argentina Special Epoxy Resin Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2025) & (Kilotons)
Figure 53. Columbia Special Epoxy Resin Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2025) & (Kilotons)
Figure 54. Middle East and Africa Special Epoxy Resin Sales and Growth Rate (Kilotons)
Figure 55. Middle East and Africa Special Epoxy Resin Sales Market Share by Region in 2023
Figure 56. Saudi Arabia Special Epoxy Resin Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2025) & (Kilotons)
Figure 57. UAE Special Epoxy Resin Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2025) & (Kilotons)
Figure 58. Egypt Special Epoxy Resin Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2025) & (Kilotons)
Figure 59. Nigeria Special Epoxy Resin Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2025) & (Kilotons)
Figure 60. South Africa Special Epoxy Resin Sales and Growth Rate (2019-2025) & (Kilotons)
Figure 61. Global Special Epoxy Resin Sales Forecast by Volume (2019-2030) & (Kilotons)
Figure 62. Global Special Epoxy Resin Market Size Forecast by Value (2019-2030) & (M USD)
Figure 63. Global Special Epoxy Resin Sales Market Share Forecast by Type (2025-2030)
Figure 64. Global Special Epoxy Resin Market Share Forecast by Type (2025-2030)
Figure 65. Global Special Epoxy Resin Sales Forecast by Application (2025-2030)
Figure 66. Global Special Epoxy Resin Market Share Forecast by Application (2025-2030)

Buy Full Report

Select Licence type with your requirement and needs

SECURITY ASSUREDpayment image

analyst icon
Still not found what you want?

Speak to our Custom Research Team and get the Custom Research in a budget

Custom Research


Frequently Asked Questions ?

  • A license granted to one user.

    A license granted to one user. Rules or conditions might be applied for e.g. the use of electric files (PDFs) or printings, depending on product.

  • Multi user License

    A license granted to multiple users.

  • Site License

    A license granted to a single business site/establishment.

  • Corporate License, Global License

    A license granted to all employees within organisation access to the product.

  • Upto Working 24 to 48 hrs

  • Upto 72 hrs max - Weekends and Public Holidays

  • Online Payments with PayPal and CCavenue

  • Wire Transfer/Bank Transfer

  • Email

  • Hard Copy

WHY CHOOSE US

  • Proactive We manage our resources 24/7 to identify issues and address them before they become problems
  • Quality & Reliability We are committed to providing reliable and highly accurate data with an excellent quality control system
  • Global Outreach 6 Major regions and 40+ countries level analysis accomplished
  • Competitive Pricing Our pricing strategy is highly competitive in the market, without compensating on the quality and the timeline of project delivery

SAMPLE REPORT INCLUDES
  • Industry Market SizeIndustry Market Size
  • SWOT AnalysisSWOT Analysis
  • Industry Major PlayersIndustry Major Players
  • Revenue ForecastsRevenue Forecasts
  • Historical and Forecast GrowthHistorical and Forecast Growth
  • Profitability AnalysisProfitability Analysis
SOME OF OUR CLIENTS
WHAT SET US APART?
  • quilty

    Quality Assurance

    Focus on Data Accuracy & Reliability
  • quilty

    Trusted by the Best

    75+ Clients in Fortune 500
  • quilty

    Privacy and Security

    All your transactions are secured end-to-end, ensuring a satisfactory purchase
  • quilty

    Competitive Pricing

    Ensure the best and affordable pricing
OUR HAPPY CUSTOMER Some of our customer review
Stay Updated About Special Epoxy Resin Market

Leave This Empty: