Automotive Power Liftgate and Forecast Market
1 Introduction to Research & Analysis Reports
1.1 Automotive Power Liftgate Market Definition
1.2 Market Segments
1.2.1 Market by Type
1.2.2 Market by Application
1.3 Global Automotive Power Liftgate Market Overview
1.4 Features & Benefits of This Report
1.5 Methodology & Sources of Information
1.5.1 Research Methodology
1.5.2 Research Process
1.5.3 Base Year
1.5.4 Report Assumptions & Caveats
2 Global Automotive Power Liftgate Overall Market Size
2.1 Global Automotive Power Liftgate Market Size: 2022 VS 2029
2.2 Global Automotive Power Liftgate Revenue, Prospects & Forecasts: 2018-2029
2.3 Global Automotive Power Liftgate Sales: 2018-2029
3 Company Landscape
3.1 Top Automotive Power Liftgate Players in Global Market
3.2 Top Global Automotive Power Liftgate Companies Ranked by Revenue
3.3 Global Automotive Power Liftgate Revenue by Companies
3.4 Global Automotive Power Liftgate Sales by Companies
3.5 Global Automotive Power Liftgate Price by Manufacturer (2018-2023)
3.6 Top 3 and Top 5 Automotive Power Liftgate Companies in Global Market, by Revenue in 2022
3.7 Global Manufacturers Automotive Power Liftgate Product Type
3.8 Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 Automotive Power Liftgate Players in Global Market
3.8.1 List of Global Tier 1 Automotive Power Liftgate Companies
3.8.2 List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Automotive Power Liftgate Companies
4 Sights by Product
4.1 Overview
4.1.1 By Type - Global Automotive Power Liftgate Market Size Markets, 2022 & 2029
4.1.2 Conventional Power Liftgate
4.1.3 Hands-free Power Liftgate
4.2 By Type - Global Automotive Power Liftgate Revenue & Forecasts
4.2.1 By Type - Global Automotive Power Liftgate Revenue, 2018-2023
4.2.2 By Type - Global Automotive Power Liftgate Revenue, 2024-2029
4.2.3 By Type - Global Automotive Power Liftgate Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
4.3 By Type - Global Automotive Power Liftgate Sales & Forecasts
4.3.1 By Type - Global Automotive Power Liftgate Sales, 2018-2023
4.3.2 By Type - Global Automotive Power Liftgate Sales, 2024-2029
4.3.3 By Type - Global Automotive Power Liftgate Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
4.4 By Type - Global Automotive Power Liftgate Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2018-2029
5 Sights by Application
5.1 Overview
5.1.1 By Application - Global Automotive Power Liftgate Market Size, 2022 & 2029
5.1.2 SUV
5.1.3 Sedan
5.1.4 Others
5.2 By Application - Global Automotive Power Liftgate Revenue & Forecasts
5.2.1 By Application - Global Automotive Power Liftgate Revenue, 2018-2023
5.2.2 By Application - Global Automotive Power Liftgate Revenue, 2024-2029
5.2.3 By Application - Global Automotive Power Liftgate Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
5.3 By Application - Global Automotive Power Liftgate Sales & Forecasts
5.3.1 By Application - Global Automotive Power Liftgate Sales, 2018-2023
5.3.2 By Application - Global Automotive Power Liftgate Sales, 2024-2029
5.3.3 By Application - Global Automotive Power Liftgate Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
5.4 By Application - Global Automotive Power Liftgate Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2018-2029
6 Sights by Region
6.1 By Region - Global Automotive Power Liftgate Market Size, 2022 & 2029
6.2 By Region - Global Automotive Power Liftgate Revenue & Forecasts
6.2.1 By Region - Global Automotive Power Liftgate Revenue, 2018-2023
6.2.2 By Region - Global Automotive Power Liftgate Revenue, 2024-2029
6.2.3 By Region - Global Automotive Power Liftgate Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
6.3 By Region - Global Automotive Power Liftgate Sales & Forecasts
6.3.1 By Region - Global Automotive Power Liftgate Sales, 2018-2023
6.3.2 By Region - Global Automotive Power Liftgate Sales, 2024-2029
6.3.3 By Region - Global Automotive Power Liftgate Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
6.4 North America
6.4.1 By Country - North America Automotive Power Liftgate Revenue, 2018-2029
6.4.2 By Country - North America Automotive Power Liftgate Sales, 2018-2029
6.4.3 US Automotive Power Liftgate Market Size, 2018-2029
6.4.4 Canada Automotive Power Liftgate Market Size, 2018-2029
6.4.5 Mexico Automotive Power Liftgate Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5 Europe
6.5.1 By Country - Europe Automotive Power Liftgate Revenue, 2018-2029
6.5.2 By Country - Europe Automotive Power Liftgate Sales, 2018-2029
6.5.3 Germany Automotive Power Liftgate Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.4 France Automotive Power Liftgate Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.5 U.K. Automotive Power Liftgate Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.6 Italy Automotive Power Liftgate Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.7 Russia Automotive Power Liftgate Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.8 Nordic Countries Automotive Power Liftgate Market Size, 2018-2029
6.5.9 Benelux Automotive Power Liftgate Market Size, 2018-2029
6.6 Asia
6.6.1 By Region - Asia Automotive Power Liftgate Revenue, 2018-2029
6.6.2 By Region - Asia Automotive Power Liftgate Sales, 2018-2029
6.6.3 China Automotive Power Liftgate Market Size, 2018-2029
6.6.4 Japan Automotive Power Liftgate Market Size, 2018-2029
6.6.5 South Korea Automotive Power Liftgate Market Size, 2018-2029
6.6.6 Southeast Asia Automotive Power Liftgate Market Size, 2018-2029
6.6.7 India Automotive Power Liftgate Market Size, 2018-2029
6.7 South America
6.7.1 By Country - South America Automotive Power Liftgate Revenue, 2018-2029
6.7.2 By Country - South America Automotive Power Liftgate Sales, 2018-2029
6.7.3 Brazil Automotive Power Liftgate Market Size, 2018-2029
6.7.4 Argentina Automotive Power Liftgate Market Size, 2018-2029
6.8 Middle East & Africa
6.8.1 By Country - Middle East & Africa Automotive Power Liftgate Revenue, 2018-2029
6.8.2 By Country - Middle East & Africa Automotive Power Liftgate Sales, 2018-2029
6.8.3 Turkey Automotive Power Liftgate Market Size, 2018-2029
6.8.4 Israel Automotive Power Liftgate Market Size, 2018-2029
6.8.5 Saudi Arabia Automotive Power Liftgate Market Size, 2018-2029
6.8.6 UAE Automotive Power Liftgate Market Size, 2018-2029
7 Manufacturers & Brands Profiles
7.1 Brose
7.1.1 Brose Company Summary
7.1.2 Brose Business Overview
7.1.3 Brose Automotive Power Liftgate Major Product Offerings
7.1.4 Brose Automotive Power Liftgate Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.1.5 Brose Key News & Latest Developments
7.2 Continental
7.2.1 Continental Company Summary
7.2.2 Continental Business Overview
7.2.3 Continental Automotive Power Liftgate Major Product Offerings
7.2.4 Continental Automotive Power Liftgate Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.2.5 Continental Key News & Latest Developments
7.3 Magna
7.3.1 Magna Company Summary
7.3.2 Magna Business Overview
7.3.3 Magna Automotive Power Liftgate Major Product Offerings
7.3.4 Magna Automotive Power Liftgate Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.3.5 Magna Key News & Latest Developments
7.4 Aisin
7.4.1 Aisin Company Summary
7.4.2 Aisin Business Overview
7.4.3 Aisin Automotive Power Liftgate Major Product Offerings
7.4.4 Aisin Automotive Power Liftgate Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.4.5 Aisin Key News & Latest Developments
7.5 Huf Group
7.5.1 Huf Group Company Summary
7.5.2 Huf Group Business Overview
7.5.3 Huf Group Automotive Power Liftgate Major Product Offerings
7.5.4 Huf Group Automotive Power Liftgate Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.5.5 Huf Group Key News & Latest Developments
7.6 HI-LEX
7.6.1 HI-LEX Company Summary
7.6.2 HI-LEX Business Overview
7.6.3 HI-LEX Automotive Power Liftgate Major Product Offerings
7.6.4 HI-LEX Automotive Power Liftgate Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.6.5 HI-LEX Key News & Latest Developments
7.7 Stabilus
7.7.1 Stabilus Company Summary
7.7.2 Stabilus Business Overview
7.7.3 Stabilus Automotive Power Liftgate Major Product Offerings
7.7.4 Stabilus Automotive Power Liftgate Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.7.5 Stabilus Key News & Latest Developments
7.8 QLTC
7.8.1 QLTC Company Summary
7.8.2 QLTC Business Overview
7.8.3 QLTC Automotive Power Liftgate Major Product Offerings
7.8.4 QLTC Automotive Power Liftgate Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.8.5 QLTC Key News & Latest Developments
7.9 Edscha
7.9.1 Edscha Company Summary
7.9.2 Edscha Business Overview
7.9.3 Edscha Automotive Power Liftgate Major Product Offerings
7.9.4 Edscha Automotive Power Liftgate Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.9.5 Edscha Key News & Latest Developments
7.10 STRATTEC
7.10.1 STRATTEC Company Summary
7.10.2 STRATTEC Business Overview
7.10.3 STRATTEC Automotive Power Liftgate Major Product Offerings
7.10.4 STRATTEC Automotive Power Liftgate Sales and Revenue in Global (2018-2023)
7.10.5 STRATTEC Key News & Latest Developments
8 Global Automotive Power Liftgate Production Capacity, Analysis
8.1 Global Automotive Power Liftgate Production Capacity, 2018-2029
8.2 Automotive Power Liftgate Production Capacity of Key Manufacturers in Global Market
8.3 Global Automotive Power Liftgate Production by Region
9 Key Market Trends, Opportunity, Drivers and Restraints
9.1 Market Opportunities & Trends
9.2 Market Drivers
9.3 Market Restraints
10 Automotive Power Liftgate Supply Chain Analysis
10.1 Automotive Power Liftgate Industry Value Chain
10.2 Automotive Power Liftgate Upstream Market
10.3 Automotive Power Liftgate Downstream and Clients
10.4 Marketing Channels Analysis
10.4.1 Marketing Channels
10.4.2 Automotive Power Liftgate Distributors and Sales Agents in Global
11 Conclusion
12 Appendix
12.1 Note
12.2 Examples of Clients
12.3 Disclaimer
List of Tables
Table 1. Key Players of Automotive Power Liftgate in Global Market
Table 2. Top Automotive Power Liftgate Players in Global Market, Ranking by Revenue (2022)
Table 3. Global Automotive Power Liftgate Revenue by Companies, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 4. Global Automotive Power Liftgate Revenue Share by Companies, 2018-2023
Table 5. Global Automotive Power Liftgate Sales by Companies, (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 6. Global Automotive Power Liftgate Sales Share by Companies, 2018-2023
Table 7. Key Manufacturers Automotive Power Liftgate Price (2018-2023) & (USD/Unit)
Table 8. Global Manufacturers Automotive Power Liftgate Product Type
Table 9. List of Global Tier 1 Automotive Power Liftgate Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2022 and Market Share
Table 10. List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Automotive Power Liftgate Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2022 and Market Share
Table 11. By Type ? Global Automotive Power Liftgate Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2029
Table 12. By Type - Global Automotive Power Liftgate Revenue (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 13. By Type - Global Automotive Power Liftgate Revenue (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 14. By Type - Global Automotive Power Liftgate Sales (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 15. By Type - Global Automotive Power Liftgate Sales (K Units), 2024-2029
Table 16. By Application ? Global Automotive Power Liftgate Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2029
Table 17. By Application - Global Automotive Power Liftgate Revenue (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 18. By Application - Global Automotive Power Liftgate Revenue (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 19. By Application - Global Automotive Power Liftgate Sales (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 20. By Application - Global Automotive Power Liftgate Sales (K Units), 2024-2029
Table 21. By Region ? Global Automotive Power Liftgate Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 VS 2029
Table 22. By Region - Global Automotive Power Liftgate Revenue (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 23. By Region - Global Automotive Power Liftgate Revenue (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 24. By Region - Global Automotive Power Liftgate Sales (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 25. By Region - Global Automotive Power Liftgate Sales (K Units), 2024-2029
Table 26. By Country - North America Automotive Power Liftgate Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 27. By Country - North America Automotive Power Liftgate Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 28. By Country - North America Automotive Power Liftgate Sales, (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 29. By Country - North America Automotive Power Liftgate Sales, (K Units), 2024-2029
Table 30. By Country - Europe Automotive Power Liftgate Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 31. By Country - Europe Automotive Power Liftgate Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 32. By Country - Europe Automotive Power Liftgate Sales, (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 33. By Country - Europe Automotive Power Liftgate Sales, (K Units), 2024-2029
Table 34. By Region - Asia Automotive Power Liftgate Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 35. By Region - Asia Automotive Power Liftgate Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 36. By Region - Asia Automotive Power Liftgate Sales, (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 37. By Region - Asia Automotive Power Liftgate Sales, (K Units), 2024-2029
Table 38. By Country - South America Automotive Power Liftgate Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 39. By Country - South America Automotive Power Liftgate Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 40. By Country - South America Automotive Power Liftgate Sales, (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 41. By Country - South America Automotive Power Liftgate Sales, (K Units), 2024-2029
Table 42. By Country - Middle East & Africa Automotive Power Liftgate Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2023
Table 43. By Country - Middle East & Africa Automotive Power Liftgate Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2024-2029
Table 44. By Country - Middle East & Africa Automotive Power Liftgate Sales, (K Units), 2018-2023
Table 45. By Country - Middle East & Africa Automotive Power Liftgate Sales, (K Units), 2024-2029
Table 46. Brose Company Summary
Table 47. Brose Automotive Power Liftgate Product Offerings
Table 48. Brose Automotive Power Liftgate Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 49. Brose Key News & Latest Developments
Table 50. Continental Company Summary
Table 51. Continental Automotive Power Liftgate Product Offerings
Table 52. Continental Automotive Power Liftgate Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 53. Continental Key News & Latest Developments
Table 54. Magna Company Summary
Table 55. Magna Automotive Power Liftgate Product Offerings
Table 56. Magna Automotive Power Liftgate Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 57. Magna Key News & Latest Developments
Table 58. Aisin Company Summary
Table 59. Aisin Automotive Power Liftgate Product Offerings
Table 60. Aisin Automotive Power Liftgate Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 61. Aisin Key News & Latest Developments
Table 62. Huf Group Company Summary
Table 63. Huf Group Automotive Power Liftgate Product Offerings
Table 64. Huf Group Automotive Power Liftgate Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 65. Huf Group Key News & Latest Developments
Table 66. HI-LEX Company Summary
Table 67. HI-LEX Automotive Power Liftgate Product Offerings
Table 68. HI-LEX Automotive Power Liftgate Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 69. HI-LEX Key News & Latest Developments
Table 70. Stabilus Company Summary
Table 71. Stabilus Automotive Power Liftgate Product Offerings
Table 72. Stabilus Automotive Power Liftgate Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 73. Stabilus Key News & Latest Developments
Table 74. QLTC Company Summary
Table 75. QLTC Automotive Power Liftgate Product Offerings
Table 76. QLTC Automotive Power Liftgate Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 77. QLTC Key News & Latest Developments
Table 78. Edscha Company Summary
Table 79. Edscha Automotive Power Liftgate Product Offerings
Table 80. Edscha Automotive Power Liftgate Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 81. Edscha Key News & Latest Developments
Table 82. STRATTEC Company Summary
Table 83. STRATTEC Automotive Power Liftgate Product Offerings
Table 84. STRATTEC Automotive Power Liftgate Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2018-2023)
Table 85. STRATTEC Key News & Latest Developments
Table 86. Automotive Power Liftgate Production Capacity (K Units) of Key Manufacturers in Global Market, 2021-2023 (K Units)
Table 87. Global Automotive Power Liftgate Capacity Market Share of Key Manufacturers, 2021-2023
Table 88. Global Automotive Power Liftgate Production by Region, 2018-2023 (K Units)
Table 89. Global Automotive Power Liftgate Production by Region, 2024-2029 (K Units)
Table 90. Automotive Power Liftgate Market Opportunities & Trends in Global Market
Table 91. Automotive Power Liftgate Market Drivers in Global Market
Table 92. Automotive Power Liftgate Market Restraints in Global Market
Table 93. Automotive Power Liftgate Raw Materials
Table 94. Automotive Power Liftgate Raw Materials Suppliers in Global Market
Table 95. Typical Automotive Power Liftgate Downstream
Table 96. Automotive Power Liftgate Downstream Clients in Global Market
Table 97. Automotive Power Liftgate Distributors and Sales Agents in Global Market
List of Figures
Figure 1. Automotive Power Liftgate Segment by Type in 2022
Figure 2. Automotive Power Liftgate Segment by Application in 2022
Figure 3. Global Automotive Power Liftgate Market Overview: 2022
Figure 4. Key Caveats
Figure 5. Global Automotive Power Liftgate Market Size: 2022 VS 2029 (US$, Mn)
Figure 6. Global Automotive Power Liftgate Revenue, 2018-2029 (US$, Mn)
Figure 7. Automotive Power Liftgate Sales in Global Market: 2018-2029 (K Units)
Figure 8. The Top 3 and 5 Players Market Share by Automotive Power Liftgate Revenue in 2022
Figure 9. By Type - Global Automotive Power Liftgate Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2029
Figure 10. By Type - Global Automotive Power Liftgate Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 11. By Type - Global Automotive Power Liftgate Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 12. By Type - Global Automotive Power Liftgate Price (USD/Unit), 2018-2029
Figure 13. By Application - Global Automotive Power Liftgate Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2029
Figure 14. By Application - Global Automotive Power Liftgate Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 15. By Application - Global Automotive Power Liftgate Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 16. By Application - Global Automotive Power Liftgate Price (USD/Unit), 2018-2029
Figure 17. By Region - Global Automotive Power Liftgate Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2022 & 2029
Figure 18. By Region - Global Automotive Power Liftgate Revenue Market Share, 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029
Figure 19. By Region - Global Automotive Power Liftgate Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 20. By Region - Global Automotive Power Liftgate Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 21. By Country - North America Automotive Power Liftgate Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 22. By Country - North America Automotive Power Liftgate Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 23. US Automotive Power Liftgate Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 24. Canada Automotive Power Liftgate Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 25. Mexico Automotive Power Liftgate Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 26. By Country - Europe Automotive Power Liftgate Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 27. By Country - Europe Automotive Power Liftgate Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 28. Germany Automotive Power Liftgate Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 29. France Automotive Power Liftgate Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 30. U.K. Automotive Power Liftgate Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 31. Italy Automotive Power Liftgate Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 32. Russia Automotive Power Liftgate Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 33. Nordic Countries Automotive Power Liftgate Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 34. Benelux Automotive Power Liftgate Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 35. By Region - Asia Automotive Power Liftgate Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 36. By Region - Asia Automotive Power Liftgate Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 37. China Automotive Power Liftgate Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 38. Japan Automotive Power Liftgate Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 39. South Korea Automotive Power Liftgate Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 40. Southeast Asia Automotive Power Liftgate Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 41. India Automotive Power Liftgate Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 42. By Country - South America Automotive Power Liftgate Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 43. By Country - South America Automotive Power Liftgate Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 44. Brazil Automotive Power Liftgate Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 45. Argentina Automotive Power Liftgate Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 46. By Country - Middle East & Africa Automotive Power Liftgate Revenue Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 47. By Country - Middle East & Africa Automotive Power Liftgate Sales Market Share, 2018-2029
Figure 48. Turkey Automotive Power Liftgate Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 49. Israel Automotive Power Liftgate Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 50. Saudi Arabia Automotive Power Liftgate Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 51. UAE Automotive Power Liftgate Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2018-2029
Figure 52. Global Automotive Power Liftgate Production Capacity (K Units), 2018-2029
Figure 53. The Percentage of Production Automotive Power Liftgate by Region, 2022 VS 2029
Figure 54. Automotive Power Liftgate Industry Value Chain
Figure 55. Marketing Channels