Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop Market
1 Introduction to Research & Analysis Reports
1.1 Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Market Definition
1.2 Market Segments
1.2.1 Market by Type
1.2.2 Market by Application
1.3 Global Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Market Overview
1.4 Features & Benefits of This Report
1.5 Methodology & Sources of Information
1.5.1 Research Methodology
1.5.2 Research Process
1.5.3 Base Year
1.5.4 Report Assumptions & Caveats
2 Global Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Overall Market Size
2.1 Global Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Market Size: 2021 VS 2028
2.2 Global Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Market Size, Prospects & Forecasts: 2017-2028
2.3 Key Market Trends, Opportunity, Drivers and Restraints
2.3.1 Market Opportunities & Trends
2.3.2 Market Drivers
2.3.3 Market Restraints
3 Company Landscape
3.1 Top Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Players in Global Market
3.2 Top Global Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Companies Ranked by Revenue
3.3 Global Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Revenue by Companies
3.4 Top 3 and Top 5 Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Companies in Global Market, by Revenue in 2021
3.5 Global Companies Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Product Type
3.6 Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Players in Global Market
3.6.1 List of Global Tier 1 Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Companies
3.6.2 List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Companies
4 Market Sights by Product
4.1 Overview
4.1.1 by Type - Global Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Market Size Markets, 2021 & 2028
4.1.2 System
4.1.3 Service
4.2 By Type - Global Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Revenue & Forecasts
4.2.1 By Type - Global Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Revenue, 2017-2022
4.2.2 By Type - Global Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Revenue, 2023-2028
4.2.3 By Type - Global Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
5 Sights by Application
5.1 Overview
5.1.1 By Application - Global Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Market Size, 2021 & 2028
5.1.2 Powertrain
5.1.3 Three New Energy Sources
5.1.4 Body Electronics
5.1.5 Intelligent Drive
5.1.6 Others
5.2 By Application - Global Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Revenue & Forecasts
5.2.1 By Application - Global Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Revenue, 2017-2022
5.2.2 By Application - Global Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Revenue, 2023-2028
5.2.3 By Application - Global Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
6 Sights by Region
6.1 By Region - Global Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Market Size, 2021 & 2028
6.2 By Region - Global Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Revenue & Forecasts
6.2.1 By Region - Global Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Revenue, 2017-2022
6.2.2 By Region - Global Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Revenue, 2023-2028
6.2.3 By Region - Global Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
6.3 North America
6.3.1 By Country - North America Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Revenue, 2017-2028
6.3.2 US Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Market Size, 2017-2028
6.3.3 Canada Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Market Size, 2017-2028
6.3.4 Mexico Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Market Size, 2017-2028
6.4 Europe
6.4.1 By Country - Europe Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Revenue, 2017-2028
6.4.2 Germany Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Market Size, 2017-2028
6.4.3 France Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Market Size, 2017-2028
6.4.4 U.K. Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Market Size, 2017-2028
6.4.5 Italy Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Market Size, 2017-2028
6.4.6 Russia Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Market Size, 2017-2028
6.4.7 Nordic Countries Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Market Size, 2017-2028
6.4.8 Benelux Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Market Size, 2017-2028
6.5 Asia
6.5.1 By Region - Asia Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Revenue, 2017-2028
6.5.2 China Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Market Size, 2017-2028
6.5.3 Japan Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Market Size, 2017-2028
6.5.4 South Korea Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Market Size, 2017-2028
6.5.5 Southeast Asia Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Market Size, 2017-2028
6.5.6 India Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Market Size, 2017-2028
6.6 South America
6.6.1 By Country - South America Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Revenue, 2017-2028
6.6.2 Brazil Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Market Size, 2017-2028
6.6.3 Argentina Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Market Size, 2017-2028
6.7 Middle East & Africa
6.7.1 By Country - Middle East & Africa Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Revenue, 2017-2028
6.7.2 Turkey Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Market Size, 2017-2028
6.7.3 Israel Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Market Size, 2017-2028
6.7.4 Saudi Arabia Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Market Size, 2017-2028
6.7.5 UAE Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Market Size, 2017-2028
7 Players Profiles
7.1 dSPACE GmbH
7.1.1 dSPACE GmbH Corporate Summary
7.1.2 dSPACE GmbH Business Overview
7.1.3 dSPACE GmbH Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Major Product Offerings
7.1.4 dSPACE GmbH Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Revenue in Global Market (2017-2022)
7.1.5 dSPACE GmbH Key News
7.2 National Instruments
7.2.1 National Instruments Corporate Summary
7.2.2 National Instruments Business Overview
7.2.3 National Instruments Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Major Product Offerings
7.2.4 National Instruments Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Revenue in Global Market (2017-2022)
7.2.5 National Instruments Key News
7.3 Vector Informatik
7.3.1 Vector Informatik Corporate Summary
7.3.2 Vector Informatik Business Overview
7.3.3 Vector Informatik Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Major Product Offerings
7.3.4 Vector Informatik Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Revenue in Global Market (2017-2022)
7.3.5 Vector Informatik Key News
7.4 ETAS
7.4.1 ETAS Corporate Summary
7.4.2 ETAS Business Overview
7.4.3 ETAS Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Major Product Offerings
7.4.4 ETAS Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Revenue in Global Market (2017-2022)
7.4.5 ETAS Key News
7.5 Ipg Automotive GmbH
7.5.1 Ipg Automotive GmbH Corporate Summary
7.5.2 Ipg Automotive GmbH Business Overview
7.5.3 Ipg Automotive GmbH Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Major Product Offerings
7.5.4 Ipg Automotive GmbH Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Revenue in Global Market (2017-2022)
7.5.5 Ipg Automotive GmbH Key News
7.6 MicroNova AG
7.6.1 MicroNova AG Corporate Summary
7.6.2 MicroNova AG Business Overview
7.6.3 MicroNova AG Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Major Product Offerings
7.6.4 MicroNova AG Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Revenue in Global Market (2017-2022)
7.6.5 MicroNova AG Key News
7.7 Opal-RT Technologies
7.7.1 Opal-RT Technologies Corporate Summary
7.7.2 Opal-RT Technologies Business Overview
7.7.3 Opal-RT Technologies Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Major Product Offerings
7.7.4 Opal-RT Technologies Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Revenue in Global Market (2017-2022)
7.7.5 Opal-RT Technologies Key News
7.8 HiRain Technologies
7.8.1 HiRain Technologies Corporate Summary
7.8.2 HiRain Technologies Business Overview
7.8.3 HiRain Technologies Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Major Product Offerings
7.8.4 HiRain Technologies Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Revenue in Global Market (2017-2022)
7.8.5 HiRain Technologies Key News
7.9 Eontronix
7.9.1 Eontronix Corporate Summary
7.9.2 Eontronix Business Overview
7.9.3 Eontronix Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Major Product Offerings
7.9.4 Eontronix Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Revenue in Global Market (2017-2022)
7.9.5 Eontronix Key News
7.10 LHP Engineering Solutions
7.10.1 LHP Engineering Solutions Corporate Summary
7.10.2 LHP Engineering Solutions Business Overview
7.10.3 LHP Engineering Solutions Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Major Product Offerings
7.10.4 LHP Engineering Solutions Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Revenue in Global Market (2017-2022)
7.10.5 LHP Engineering Solutions Key News
7.11 Speedgoat GmbH
7.11.1 Speedgoat GmbH Corporate Summary
7.11.2 Speedgoat GmbH Business Overview
7.11.3 Speedgoat GmbH Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Major Product Offerings
7.11.4 Speedgoat GmbH Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Revenue in Global Market (2017-2022)
7.11.5 Speedgoat GmbH Key News
7.12 Huahai Technologies
7.12.1 Huahai Technologies Corporate Summary
7.12.2 Huahai Technologies Business Overview
7.12.3 Huahai Technologies Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Major Product Offerings
7.12.4 Huahai Technologies Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Revenue in Global Market (2017-2022)
7.12.5 Huahai Technologies Key News
8 Conclusion
9 Appendix
9.1 Note
9.2 Examples of Clients
9.3 Disclaimer
List of Tables
Table 1. Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Market Opportunities & Trends in Global Market
Table 2. Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Market Drivers in Global Market
Table 3. Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Market Restraints in Global Market
Table 4. Key Players of Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) in Global Market
Table 5. Top Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Players in Global Market, Ranking by Revenue (2021)
Table 6. Global Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Revenue by Companies, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 7. Global Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Revenue Share by Companies, 2017-2022
Table 8. Global Companies Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Product Type
Table 9. List of Global Tier 1 Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2021 and Market Share
Table 10. List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2021 and Market Share
Table 11. By Type ? Global Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2021 & 2028
Table 12. By Type - Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 13. By Type - Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 14. By Application ? Global Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2021 & 2028
Table 15. By Application - Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 16. By Application - Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 17. By Region ? Global Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2021 & 2028
Table 18. By Region - Global Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Revenue (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 19. By Region - Global Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Revenue (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 20. By Country - North America Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 21. By Country - North America Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 22. By Country - Europe Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 23. By Country - Europe Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 24. By Region - Asia Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 25. By Region - Asia Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 26. By Country - South America Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 27. By Country - South America Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 28. By Country - Middle East & Africa Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 29. By Country - Middle East & Africa Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 30. dSPACE GmbH Corporate Summary
Table 31. dSPACE GmbH Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Product Offerings
Table 32. dSPACE GmbH Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Revenue (US$, Mn), (2017-2022)
Table 33. National Instruments Corporate Summary
Table 34. National Instruments Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Product Offerings
Table 35. National Instruments Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Revenue (US$, Mn), (2017-2022)
Table 36. Vector Informatik Corporate Summary
Table 37. Vector Informatik Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Product Offerings
Table 38. Vector Informatik Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Revenue (US$, Mn), (2017-2022)
Table 39. ETAS Corporate Summary
Table 40. ETAS Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Product Offerings
Table 41. ETAS Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Revenue (US$, Mn), (2017-2022)
Table 42. Ipg Automotive GmbH Corporate Summary
Table 43. Ipg Automotive GmbH Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Product Offerings
Table 44. Ipg Automotive GmbH Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Revenue (US$, Mn), (2017-2022)
Table 45. MicroNova AG Corporate Summary
Table 46. MicroNova AG Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Product Offerings
Table 47. MicroNova AG Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Revenue (US$, Mn), (2017-2022)
Table 48. Opal-RT Technologies Corporate Summary
Table 49. Opal-RT Technologies Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Product Offerings
Table 50. Opal-RT Technologies Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Revenue (US$, Mn), (2017-2022)
Table 51. HiRain Technologies Corporate Summary
Table 52. HiRain Technologies Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Product Offerings
Table 53. HiRain Technologies Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Revenue (US$, Mn), (2017-2022)
Table 54. Eontronix Corporate Summary
Table 55. Eontronix Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Product Offerings
Table 56. Eontronix Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Revenue (US$, Mn), (2017-2022)
Table 57. LHP Engineering Solutions Corporate Summary
Table 58. LHP Engineering Solutions Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Product Offerings
Table 59. LHP Engineering Solutions Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Revenue (US$, Mn), (2017-2022)
Table 60. Speedgoat GmbH Corporate Summary
Table 61. Speedgoat GmbH Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Product Offerings
Table 62. Speedgoat GmbH Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Revenue (US$, Mn), (2017-2022)
Table 63. Huahai Technologies Corporate Summary
Table 64. Huahai Technologies Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Product Offerings
Table 65. Huahai Technologies Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Revenue (US$, Mn), (2017-2022)
List of Figures
Figure 1. Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Segment by Type in 2021
Figure 2. Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Segment by Application in 2021
Figure 3. Global Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Market Overview: 2020
Figure 4. Key Caveats
Figure 5. Global Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Market Size: 2021 VS 2028 (US$, Mn)
Figure 6. Global Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Revenue, 2017-2028 (US$, Mn)
Figure 7. The Top 3 and 5 Players Market Share by Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Revenue in 2021
Figure 8. By Type - Global Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 9. By Application - Global Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 10. By Region - Global Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 11. By Country - North America Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 12. US Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 13. Canada Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 14. Mexico Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 15. By Country - Europe Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 16. Germany Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 17. France Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 18. U.K. Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 19. Italy Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 20. Russia Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 21. Nordic Countries Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 22. Benelux Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 23. By Region - Asia Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 24. China Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 25. Japan Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 26. South Korea Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 27. Southeast Asia Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 28. India Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 29. By Country - South America Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 30. Brazil Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 31. Argentina Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 32. By Country - Middle East & Africa Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 33. Turkey Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 34. Israel Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 35. Saudi Arabia Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 36. UAE Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 37. dSPACE GmbH Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2017-2022)
Figure 38. National Instruments Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2017-2022)
Figure 39. Vector Informatik Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2017-2022)
Figure 40. ETAS Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2017-2022)
Figure 41. Ipg Automotive GmbH Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2017-2022)
Figure 42. MicroNova AG Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2017-2022)
Figure 43. Opal-RT Technologies Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2017-2022)
Figure 44. HiRain Technologies Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2017-2022)
Figure 45. Eontronix Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2017-2022)
Figure 46. LHP Engineering Solutions Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2017-2022)
Figure 47. Speedgoat GmbH Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2017-2022)
Figure 48. Huahai Technologies Automotive Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2017-2022)