AC Wallbox Charger and Forecast Market
1 Introduction to Research & Analysis Reports
1.1 AC Wallbox Charger Market Definition
1.2 Market Segments
1.2.1 Market by Type
1.2.2 Market by Application
1.3 Global AC Wallbox Charger Market Overview
1.4 Features & Benefits of This Report
1.5 Methodology & Sources of Information
1.5.1 Research Methodology
1.5.2 Research Process
1.5.3 Base Year
1.5.4 Report Assumptions & Caveats
2 Global AC Wallbox Charger Overall Market Size
2.1 Global AC Wallbox Charger Market Size: 2021 VS 2028
2.2 Global AC Wallbox Charger Revenue, Prospects & Forecasts: 2017-2028
2.3 Global AC Wallbox Charger Sales: 2017-2028
3 Company Landscape
3.1 Top AC Wallbox Charger Players in Global Market
3.2 Top Global AC Wallbox Charger Companies Ranked by Revenue
3.3 Global AC Wallbox Charger Revenue by Companies
3.4 Global AC Wallbox Charger Sales by Companies
3.5 Global AC Wallbox Charger Price by Manufacturer (2017-2022)
3.6 Top 3 and Top 5 AC Wallbox Charger Companies in Global Market, by Revenue in 2021
3.7 Global Manufacturers AC Wallbox Charger Product Type
3.8 Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 AC Wallbox Charger Players in Global Market
3.8.1 List of Global Tier 1 AC Wallbox Charger Companies
3.8.2 List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 AC Wallbox Charger Companies
4 Sights by Product
4.1 Overview
4.1.1 By Type - Global AC Wallbox Charger Market Size Markets, 2021 & 2028
4.1.2 PHEV
4.1.3 BEV
4.1.4 Others
4.2 By Type - Global AC Wallbox Charger Revenue & Forecasts
4.2.1 By Type - Global AC Wallbox Charger Revenue, 2017-2022
4.2.2 By Type - Global AC Wallbox Charger Revenue, 2023-2028
4.2.3 By Type - Global AC Wallbox Charger Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
4.3 By Type - Global AC Wallbox Charger Sales & Forecasts
4.3.1 By Type - Global AC Wallbox Charger Sales, 2017-2022
4.3.2 By Type - Global AC Wallbox Charger Sales, 2023-2028
4.3.3 By Type - Global AC Wallbox Charger Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
4.4 By Type - Global AC Wallbox Charger Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2017-2028
5 Sights By Application
5.1 Overview
5.1.1 By Application - Global AC Wallbox Charger Market Size, 2021 & 2028
5.1.2 Residential
5.1.3 Commercial
5.1.4 Others
5.2 By Application - Global AC Wallbox Charger Revenue & Forecasts
5.2.1 By Application - Global AC Wallbox Charger Revenue, 2017-2022
5.2.2 By Application - Global AC Wallbox Charger Revenue, 2023-2028
5.2.3 By Application - Global AC Wallbox Charger Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
5.3 By Application - Global AC Wallbox Charger Sales & Forecasts
5.3.1 By Application - Global AC Wallbox Charger Sales, 2017-2022
5.3.2 By Application - Global AC Wallbox Charger Sales, 2023-2028
5.3.3 By Application - Global AC Wallbox Charger Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
5.4 By Application - Global AC Wallbox Charger Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2017-2028
6 Sights by Region
6.1 By Region - Global AC Wallbox Charger Market Size, 2021 & 2028
6.2 By Region - Global AC Wallbox Charger Revenue & Forecasts
6.2.1 By Region - Global AC Wallbox Charger Revenue, 2017-2022
6.2.2 By Region - Global AC Wallbox Charger Revenue, 2023-2028
6.2.3 By Region - Global AC Wallbox Charger Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
6.3 By Region - Global AC Wallbox Charger Sales & Forecasts
6.3.1 By Region - Global AC Wallbox Charger Sales, 2017-2022
6.3.2 By Region - Global AC Wallbox Charger Sales, 2023-2028
6.3.3 By Region - Global AC Wallbox Charger Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
6.4 North America
6.4.1 By Country - North America AC Wallbox Charger Revenue, 2017-2028
6.4.2 By Country - North America AC Wallbox Charger Sales, 2017-2028
6.4.3 US AC Wallbox Charger Market Size, 2017-2028
6.4.4 Canada AC Wallbox Charger Market Size, 2017-2028
6.4.5 Mexico AC Wallbox Charger Market Size, 2017-2028
6.5 Europe
6.5.1 By Country - Europe AC Wallbox Charger Revenue, 2017-2028
6.5.2 By Country - Europe AC Wallbox Charger Sales, 2017-2028
6.5.3 Germany AC Wallbox Charger Market Size, 2017-2028
6.5.4 France AC Wallbox Charger Market Size, 2017-2028
6.5.5 U.K. AC Wallbox Charger Market Size, 2017-2028
6.5.6 Italy AC Wallbox Charger Market Size, 2017-2028
6.5.7 Russia AC Wallbox Charger Market Size, 2017-2028
6.5.8 Nordic Countries AC Wallbox Charger Market Size, 2017-2028
6.5.9 Benelux AC Wallbox Charger Market Size, 2017-2028
6.6 Asia
6.6.1 By Region - Asia AC Wallbox Charger Revenue, 2017-2028
6.6.2 By Region - Asia AC Wallbox Charger Sales, 2017-2028
6.6.3 China AC Wallbox Charger Market Size, 2017-2028
6.6.4 Japan AC Wallbox Charger Market Size, 2017-2028
6.6.5 South Korea AC Wallbox Charger Market Size, 2017-2028
6.6.6 Southeast Asia AC Wallbox Charger Market Size, 2017-2028
6.6.7 India AC Wallbox Charger Market Size, 2017-2028
6.7 South America
6.7.1 By Country - South America AC Wallbox Charger Revenue, 2017-2028
6.7.2 By Country - South America AC Wallbox Charger Sales, 2017-2028
6.7.3 Brazil AC Wallbox Charger Market Size, 2017-2028
6.7.4 Argentina AC Wallbox Charger Market Size, 2017-2028
6.8 Middle East & Africa
6.8.1 By Country - Middle East & Africa AC Wallbox Charger Revenue, 2017-2028
6.8.2 By Country - Middle East & Africa AC Wallbox Charger Sales, 2017-2028
6.8.3 Turkey AC Wallbox Charger Market Size, 2017-2028
6.8.4 Israel AC Wallbox Charger Market Size, 2017-2028
6.8.5 Saudi Arabia AC Wallbox Charger Market Size, 2017-2028
6.8.6 UAE AC Wallbox Charger Market Size, 2017-2028
7 Manufacturers & Brands Profiles
7.1 ABB
7.1.1 ABB Corporate Summary
7.1.2 ABB Business Overview
7.1.3 ABB AC Wallbox Charger Major Product Offerings
7.1.4 ABB AC Wallbox Charger Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
7.1.5 ABB Key News
7.2 Webasto
7.2.1 Webasto Corporate Summary
7.2.2 Webasto Business Overview
7.2.3 Webasto AC Wallbox Charger Major Product Offerings
7.2.4 Webasto AC Wallbox Charger Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
7.2.5 Webasto Key News
7.3 Bosch
7.3.1 Bosch Corporate Summary
7.3.2 Bosch Business Overview
7.3.3 Bosch AC Wallbox Charger Major Product Offerings
7.3.4 Bosch AC Wallbox Charger Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
7.3.5 Bosch Key News
7.4 Delta Electronics
7.4.1 Delta Electronics Corporate Summary
7.4.2 Delta Electronics Business Overview
7.4.3 Delta Electronics AC Wallbox Charger Major Product Offerings
7.4.4 Delta Electronics AC Wallbox Charger Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
7.4.5 Delta Electronics Key News
7.5 Lafon Technologies
7.5.1 Lafon Technologies Corporate Summary
7.5.2 Lafon Technologies Business Overview
7.5.3 Lafon Technologies AC Wallbox Charger Major Product Offerings
7.5.4 Lafon Technologies AC Wallbox Charger Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
7.5.5 Lafon Technologies Key News
7.6 Deltrix
7.6.1 Deltrix Corporate Summary
7.6.2 Deltrix Business Overview
7.6.3 Deltrix AC Wallbox Charger Major Product Offerings
7.6.4 Deltrix AC Wallbox Charger Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
7.6.5 Deltrix Key News
7.7 Allego BV
7.7.1 Allego BV Corporate Summary
7.7.2 Allego BV Business Overview
7.7.3 Allego BV AC Wallbox Charger Major Product Offerings
7.7.4 Allego BV AC Wallbox Charger Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
7.7.5 Allego BV Key News
7.8 Wallbe GmbH
7.8.1 Wallbe GmbH Corporate Summary
7.8.2 Wallbe GmbH Business Overview
7.8.3 Wallbe GmbH AC Wallbox Charger Major Product Offerings
7.8.4 Wallbe GmbH AC Wallbox Charger Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
7.8.5 Wallbe GmbH Key News
7.9 Alfa Power
7.9.1 Alfa Power Corporate Summary
7.9.2 Alfa Power Business Overview
7.9.3 Alfa Power AC Wallbox Charger Major Product Offerings
7.9.4 Alfa Power AC Wallbox Charger Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
7.9.5 Alfa Power Key News
7.10 WallboxUK
7.10.1 WallboxUK Corporate Summary
7.10.2 WallboxUK Business Overview
7.10.3 WallboxUK AC Wallbox Charger Major Product Offerings
7.10.4 WallboxUK AC Wallbox Charger Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
7.10.5 WallboxUK Key News
7.11 Senku Machinery
7.11.1 Senku Machinery Corporate Summary
7.11.2 Senku Machinery AC Wallbox Charger Business Overview
7.11.3 Senku Machinery AC Wallbox Charger Major Product Offerings
7.11.4 Senku Machinery AC Wallbox Charger Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
7.11.5 Senku Machinery Key News
7.12 ENPLUStech
7.12.1 ENPLUStech Corporate Summary
7.12.2 ENPLUStech AC Wallbox Charger Business Overview
7.12.3 ENPLUStech AC Wallbox Charger Major Product Offerings
7.12.4 ENPLUStech AC Wallbox Charger Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
7.12.5 ENPLUStech Key News
8 Global AC Wallbox Charger Production Capacity, Analysis
8.1 Global AC Wallbox Charger Production Capacity, 2017-2028
8.2 AC Wallbox Charger Production Capacity of Key Manufacturers in Global Market
8.3 Global AC Wallbox Charger Production by Region
9 Key Market Trends, Opportunity, Drivers and Restraints
9.1 Market Opportunities & Trends
9.2 Market Drivers
9.3 Market Restraints
10 AC Wallbox Charger Supply Chain Analysis
10.1 AC Wallbox Charger Industry Value Chain
10.2 AC Wallbox Charger Upstream Market
10.3 AC Wallbox Charger Downstream and Clients
10.4 Marketing Channels Analysis
10.4.1 Marketing Channels
10.4.2 AC Wallbox Charger Distributors and Sales Agents in Global
11 Conclusion
12 Appendix
12.1 Note
12.2 Examples of Clients
12.3 Disclaimer
List of Tables
Table 1. Key Players of AC Wallbox Charger in Global Market
Table 2. Top AC Wallbox Charger Players in Global Market, Ranking by Revenue (2021)
Table 3. Global AC Wallbox Charger Revenue by Companies, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 4. Global AC Wallbox Charger Revenue Share by Companies, 2017-2022
Table 5. Global AC Wallbox Charger Sales by Companies, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 6. Global AC Wallbox Charger Sales Share by Companies, 2017-2022
Table 7. Key Manufacturers AC Wallbox Charger Price (2017-2022) & (US$/Unit)
Table 8. Global Manufacturers AC Wallbox Charger Product Type
Table 9. List of Global Tier 1 AC Wallbox Charger Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2021 and Market Share
Table 10. List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 AC Wallbox Charger Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2021 and Market Share
Table 11. By Type ? Global AC Wallbox Charger Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2021 & 2028
Table 12. By Type - Global AC Wallbox Charger Revenue (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 13. By Type - Global AC Wallbox Charger Revenue (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 14. By Type - Global AC Wallbox Charger Sales (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 15. By Type - Global AC Wallbox Charger Sales (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 16. By Application ? Global AC Wallbox Charger Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2021 & 2028
Table 17. By Application - Global AC Wallbox Charger Revenue (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 18. By Application - Global AC Wallbox Charger Revenue (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 19. By Application - Global AC Wallbox Charger Sales (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 20. By Application - Global AC Wallbox Charger Sales (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 21. By Region ? Global AC Wallbox Charger Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2021 VS 2028
Table 22. By Region - Global AC Wallbox Charger Revenue (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 23. By Region - Global AC Wallbox Charger Revenue (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 24. By Region - Global AC Wallbox Charger Sales (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 25. By Region - Global AC Wallbox Charger Sales (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 26. By Country - North America AC Wallbox Charger Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 27. By Country - North America AC Wallbox Charger Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 28. By Country - North America AC Wallbox Charger Sales, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 29. By Country - North America AC Wallbox Charger Sales, (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 30. By Country - Europe AC Wallbox Charger Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 31. By Country - Europe AC Wallbox Charger Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 32. By Country - Europe AC Wallbox Charger Sales, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 33. By Country - Europe AC Wallbox Charger Sales, (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 34. By Region - Asia AC Wallbox Charger Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 35. By Region - Asia AC Wallbox Charger Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 36. By Region - Asia AC Wallbox Charger Sales, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 37. By Region - Asia AC Wallbox Charger Sales, (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 38. By Country - South America AC Wallbox Charger Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 39. By Country - South America AC Wallbox Charger Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 40. By Country - South America AC Wallbox Charger Sales, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 41. By Country - South America AC Wallbox Charger Sales, (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 42. By Country - Middle East & Africa AC Wallbox Charger Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 43. By Country - Middle East & Africa AC Wallbox Charger Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 44. By Country - Middle East & Africa AC Wallbox Charger Sales, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 45. By Country - Middle East & Africa AC Wallbox Charger Sales, (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 46. ABB Corporate Summary
Table 47. ABB AC Wallbox Charger Product Offerings
Table 48. ABB AC Wallbox Charger Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 49. Webasto Corporate Summary
Table 50. Webasto AC Wallbox Charger Product Offerings
Table 51. Webasto AC Wallbox Charger Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 52. Bosch Corporate Summary
Table 53. Bosch AC Wallbox Charger Product Offerings
Table 54. Bosch AC Wallbox Charger Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 55. Delta Electronics Corporate Summary
Table 56. Delta Electronics AC Wallbox Charger Product Offerings
Table 57. Delta Electronics AC Wallbox Charger Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 58. Lafon Technologies Corporate Summary
Table 59. Lafon Technologies AC Wallbox Charger Product Offerings
Table 60. Lafon Technologies AC Wallbox Charger Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 61. Deltrix Corporate Summary
Table 62. Deltrix AC Wallbox Charger Product Offerings
Table 63. Deltrix AC Wallbox Charger Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 64. Allego BV Corporate Summary
Table 65. Allego BV AC Wallbox Charger Product Offerings
Table 66. Allego BV AC Wallbox Charger Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 67. Wallbe GmbH Corporate Summary
Table 68. Wallbe GmbH AC Wallbox Charger Product Offerings
Table 69. Wallbe GmbH AC Wallbox Charger Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 70. Alfa Power Corporate Summary
Table 71. Alfa Power AC Wallbox Charger Product Offerings
Table 72. Alfa Power AC Wallbox Charger Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 73. WallboxUK Corporate Summary
Table 74. WallboxUK AC Wallbox Charger Product Offerings
Table 75. WallboxUK AC Wallbox Charger Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 76. Senku Machinery Corporate Summary
Table 77. Senku Machinery AC Wallbox Charger Product Offerings
Table 78. Senku Machinery AC Wallbox Charger Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 79. ENPLUStech Corporate Summary
Table 80. ENPLUStech AC Wallbox Charger Product Offerings
Table 81. ENPLUStech AC Wallbox Charger Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 82. AC Wallbox Charger Production Capacity (K Units) of Key Manufacturers in Global Market, 2020-2022 (K Units)
Table 83. Global AC Wallbox Charger Capacity Market Share of Key Manufacturers, 2020-2022
Table 84. Global AC Wallbox Charger Production by Region, 2017-2022 (K Units)
Table 85. Global AC Wallbox Charger Production by Region, 2023-2028 (K Units)
Table 86. AC Wallbox Charger Market Opportunities & Trends in Global Market
Table 87. AC Wallbox Charger Market Drivers in Global Market
Table 88. AC Wallbox Charger Market Restraints in Global Market
Table 89. AC Wallbox Charger Raw Materials
Table 90. AC Wallbox Charger Raw Materials Suppliers in Global Market
Table 91. Typical AC Wallbox Charger Downstream
Table 92. AC Wallbox Charger Downstream Clients in Global Market
Table 93. AC Wallbox Charger Distributors and Sales Agents in Global Market
List of Figures
Figure 1. AC Wallbox Charger Segment by Type
Figure 2. AC Wallbox Charger Segment by Application
Figure 3. Global AC Wallbox Charger Market Overview: 2021
Figure 4. Key Caveats
Figure 5. Global AC Wallbox Charger Market Size: 2021 VS 2028 (US$, Mn)
Figure 6. Global AC Wallbox Charger Revenue, 2017-2028 (US$, Mn)
Figure 7. AC Wallbox Charger Sales in Global Market: 2017-2028 (K Units)
Figure 8. The Top 3 and 5 Players Market Share by AC Wallbox Charger Revenue in 2021
Figure 9. By Type - Global AC Wallbox Charger Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 10. By Type - Global AC Wallbox Charger Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 11. By Type - Global AC Wallbox Charger Price (US$/Unit), 2017-2028
Figure 12. By Application - Global AC Wallbox Charger Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 13. By Application - Global AC Wallbox Charger Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 14. By Application - Global AC Wallbox Charger Price (US$/Unit), 2017-2028
Figure 15. By Region - Global AC Wallbox Charger Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 16. By Region - Global AC Wallbox Charger Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 17. By Country - North America AC Wallbox Charger Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 18. By Country - North America AC Wallbox Charger Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 19. US AC Wallbox Charger Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 20. Canada AC Wallbox Charger Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 21. Mexico AC Wallbox Charger Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 22. By Country - Europe AC Wallbox Charger Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 23. By Country - Europe AC Wallbox Charger Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 24. Germany AC Wallbox Charger Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 25. France AC Wallbox Charger Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 26. U.K. AC Wallbox Charger Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 27. Italy AC Wallbox Charger Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 28. Russia AC Wallbox Charger Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 29. Nordic Countries AC Wallbox Charger Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 30. Benelux AC Wallbox Charger Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 31. By Region - Asia AC Wallbox Charger Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 32. By Region - Asia AC Wallbox Charger Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 33. China AC Wallbox Charger Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 34. Japan AC Wallbox Charger Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 35. South Korea AC Wallbox Charger Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 36. Southeast Asia AC Wallbox Charger Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 37. India AC Wallbox Charger Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 38. By Country - South America AC Wallbox Charger Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 39. By Country - South America AC Wallbox Charger Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 40. Brazil AC Wallbox Charger Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 41. Argentina AC Wallbox Charger Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 42. By Country - Middle East & Africa AC Wallbox Charger Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 43. By Country - Middle East & Africa AC Wallbox Charger Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 44. Turkey AC Wallbox Charger Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 45. Israel AC Wallbox Charger Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 46. Saudi Arabia AC Wallbox Charger Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 47. UAE AC Wallbox Charger Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 48. Global AC Wallbox Charger Production Capacity (K Units), 2017-2028
Figure 49. The Percentage of Production AC Wallbox Charger by Region, 2021 VS 2028
Figure 50. AC Wallbox Charger Industry Value Chain
Figure 51. Marketing Channels